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. 2022 Feb 6;14(3):690. doi: 10.3390/nu14030690

Table 2.

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of plant peptides reported in the literature.

Vegetable Protein Cell Culture Peptide(s) Outcomes
Seeds of lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) (LPH) [36] Thp-1 monocytes (acute monocytic human leukemia) (ATCC®-TIB-202™). GPETAFLR ↓ Expression of TNF, IL-1β and CCL2.
↑ IL-10 expression.
↓ NO production

  • There was no statistical difference in the expression of the IL-6 and CCL18 gene
Soy (Glicine max) [39] Macrophage cells, RAW 264.7 and adipocytes 3T3-L1 FLV ⊗ Release of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β and IL-6
↑ Increasing IL-10 production and gene expression
⊗ Signaling molecules JNK and IKK
⊗ IκBα degradation
↑ Insulin response and glucose uptake

  • FlV can be transported to adipocytes by PepT2 and block TNF-α-induced inflammatory signaling.
Soja (Glycine max)–variant leginsulin (Leg_1_37 and Leg_1_36) [40] Rat L6 and mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. ADCNGACSPFEVPPCRSRDCRCVPIGLFVGFCIHPTG
and
ADCNGACSPFEVPPCRSRDCRCVPIGLFVGFCIHPT		 ◊ Akt
↑ GLUT4 translocations to the plasma membrane.

  • Leg1_37 showed insulin-like activity

  • Amino acid residues I25, F28, V29, F31 and I33are critical for affinity with Bg.
Seeds of lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) [37] PBMCs from healthy adult donors GPETAFLR ↓ Population of classical monocytes (CD14++CD16−).
↓ Expression of CCR2 and CCL2.
↑ Production and expression of IL-10 genes.
↓ Gene expression and production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.
↓ Pro-inflammatory activity of the M1-like phenotype.
Sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) [42] Thp-1 monocytes (acute monocytic human leukemia) (ATCC®-TIB-202™) YFVP,
SGRDP,
MVWGP and
TGSYTEGWS

  • Small, non-polar peptides

⊗ NF-κB activated by IL-1β
↓ Expression of CD14 and CD86

  • Peptides with Met had superior immunomodulatory effect
Corn (Zein) [45] Endothelial cells, EA.hy926 (CRL-2922™), and human monoblast cell lineage, U937 (ATCC® CRL-1593.2™) PPYLSP,
IIGGAL and
FLPPVTSMG.		 ↓ Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α.
↓ Monocyte stems from EA.hy926 cells. The peptide with Met had the best result.
↓ TNF-α-induced superoxide formation in various degrees in EA.hy926 cells.
↓ Expression of TNFR1 in EA.hy926 cells.

  • Little effect on the expression of IκBα and IκBβ induced by TNF-α

↓ Phosphorylation of p65: dummer involved in the NF-κB pathway.

Legend: ↓ Reduces, ↑ Increases, ⊗ Inhibits, ◊ Active.