Table 1.
Characteristics of women with (EDC study) or without (SWAN study) type 1 diabetes
| Characteristics at baseline | EDC | SWAN | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | ||||
| Age (years) | 105 | 42.8 (7.3) | 178 | 46.0 (2.4) | 0.002 |
| Age at diabetes onset (years) | 105 | 9.3 (3.9) | - | - | - |
| Age at menarche (years) | 105 | 13.2 (1.7) | 177 | 12.6 (1.5) | 0.003 |
| Limiting EDC data to women with T1D onset before menarche | 80/105 | 13.6 (1.7) | 177 | 12.6 (1.5) | <0.0001 |
| Limiting EDC data to women with T1D onset after menarche | 25/105 | 12.2 (1.2) | 177 | 12.6 (1.5) | 0.20 |
| Non-Hispanic white women only | 101/105 | 13.2 (1.7) | 120/178 | 12.6 (1.5) | 0.004 |
| Data adding 18 EDC women a | 123 | 13.2 (1.7) | 177 | 12.6 (1.5) | 0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 105 | 33.5 (8.0) | - | - | - |
| Race (%) | 105 | 178 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 101/105 | 96.2 | 120/178 | 67.4 | <0.0001 |
| Black | 4/105 | 3.8 | 58/178 | 32.6 | |
| Marital status (%) | 104 | 178 | |||
| Single, never married | 14/104 | 13.5 (14) | 17/178 | 9.6 (17) | 0.47 |
| Currently married or cohabitating | 72/104 | 69.2 (72) | 119/178 | 66.9 (119) | |
| Divorced | 13/104 | 12.5 (13) | 27/178 | 15.1 (27) | |
| Separated, Widowed, or others | 5/104 | 4.8 (5) | 15/178 | 8.4 (15) | |
| Education (%) | 104 | 178 | |||
| High school or less | 33/104 | 31.7 (33) | 42/178 | 23.6 (42) | 0.19 |
| Some college or received bachelor's degree | 53/104 | 51.0 (53) | 92/178 | 51.7 (92) | |
| Graduate education beyond bachelor's degree | 18/104 | 17.3 (18) | 44/178 | 24.7 (44) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 105 | 25.2 (22.6, 28.1) | 177 | 26.5 (23.4, 31.0) | 0.01 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 94 | 0.81 (0.76, 0.86) | 174 | 0.79 (0.76, 0.84) | 0.28 |
| Smoking status (%) | 104 | 177 | |||
| Never smoker | 70/104 | 67.3 (70) | 91/177 | 51.4 (91) | 0.03 |
| Past smoker | 17/104 | 16.4 (17) | 48/177 | 27.1 (48) | |
| Current smoker | 17/104 | 16.4 (17) | 38/177 | 21.5 (38) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105 | 114.0 (102.0, 124.0) | 178 | 111.0 (104.0, 123.0) | 0.84 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105 | 65.0 (58.0, 71.0) | 178 | 70.0 (64.0, 79.0) | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure medication use (%) | 17/105 | 16.2 | 17/178 | 9.6 | 0.10 |
| Lipid medication use (%) | 20/105 | 19.1 | 0/178 | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 105 | 181.0 (162.0, 197.0) | 177 | 188.0 (173.0, 214.0) | 0.01 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 105 | 61.0 (50.6, 73.0) | 177 | 54.0 (47.0, 62.0) | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 84 | 100.9 (87.0, 127.4) | 176 | 115.0 (99.0, 137.0) | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 86 | 74.0 (51.0, 100.0) | 177 | 86.0 (65.0, 122.5) | 0.004 |
Data are means (SD), median (interquartile range) or percent.
BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T1D: type 1 diabetes.
a
Sensitivity analysis included 18 EDC women who provided self-reported age at natural menopause without sex hormone data prior to the 22-year assessment.