Table 1.

Role of cellular oncogenes in immune evasion.

Oncogene	Role in Immune Evasion	References
ALK	Inhibits immunogenic cell death	(63, 64)
β-catenin	Represses the expression of CCL4, which recruits DCs and T cells	(57)
BRAF	Drives internalization and sequestration of MHC-I	(80, 81)
EGFR	Contributes to increased PD-L1 expression	(83, 102)
EPHA2	Increases TGFB signaling and COX-2 expression, causing increased proinflammatory PGE2	(56)
FGFR	Drives PD-L1 expression	(104)
HER2	Binds to STING to prevent immune sensing Internalization of MHC-I	(40, 41, 82)
MYC	Induces expression of CCL9 to recruited macrophages Acts with KRAS to upregulate IL-23 to suppress innate immune cells and reduce CTL infiltration Drives PD-L1 expression Inhibits immunogenic cell death	(49, 58, 59, 103)
NOTCH	Suppresses SASP, causing decreased T cell recruitment	(67)
RAS	Drives OIS and SASP expression	(51, 58, 59, 105)
SMAD4	Drives TGFB signaling, which inhibits adaptive immune response	(56)