Emerging systemic delivery strategies of oncolytic viruses: A key step toward cancer immunotherapy

Weiyue Ban; Jianhuan Guan; Hanwei Huang; Zhonggui He; Mengchi Sun; Funan Liu; Jin Sun

doi:10.1007/s12274-021-4031-6

. 2022 Feb 14;15(5):4137–4153. doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-4031-6

Emerging systemic delivery strategies of oncolytic viruses: A key step toward cancer immunotherapy

Weiyue Ban ^1,^#, Jianhuan Guan ^1,^#, Hanwei Huang ², Zhonggui He ¹, Mengchi Sun ^1,^✉, Funan Liu ^2,^✉, Jin Sun ^1,^✉

PMCID: PMC8852960 PMID: 35194488

Abstract

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel type of immunotherapy that induces anti-tumor responses through selective self-replication within cancer cells and oncolytic virus (OV)-mediated immunostimulation. Notably, talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) developed by the Amgen company in 2015, is the first FDA-approved OV product to be administered via intratumoral injection and has been the most successful OVT treatment. However, the systemic administration of OVs still faces huge challenges, including in vivo pre-existing neutralizing antibodies and poor targeting delivery efficacy. Recently, state-of-the-art progress has been made in the development of systemic delivery of OVs, which demonstrates a promising step toward broadening the scope of cancer immunotherapy and improving the clinical efficacy of OV delivery. Herein, this review describes the general characteristics of OVs, focusing on the action mechanisms of OVs as well as the advantages and disadvantages of OVT. The emerging multiple systemic administration approaches of OVs are summarized in the past five years. In addition, the combination treatments between OVT and traditional therapies (chemotherapy, thermotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, etc.) are highlighted. Last but not least, the future prospects and challenges of OVT are also discussed, with the aim of facilitating medical researchers to extensively apply the OVT in the cancer therapy. graphic file with name 12274_2021_4031_Fig1_HTML.jpg

Keywords: oncolytic virotherapy, oncolytic viruses, talimogene laherparepvec, systemic administration, combination treatments

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFC1316104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81871960, 82073368, and 82073777), Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (Nos. XLYC2007071 and XLYC1808017), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M680986), and General Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No. JKZ0927).

Footnotes

Weiyue Ban and Jianhuan Guan contributed equally to this work.

Contributor Information

Mengchi Sun, Email: smc_1990@aliyun.com.

Funan Liu, Email: lfn540@126.com.

Jin Sun, Email: sunjin@syphu.edu.cn.

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Emerging systemic delivery strategies of oncolytic viruses: A key step toward cancer immunotherapy

Weiyue Ban

Jianhuan Guan

Hanwei Huang

Zhonggui He

Mengchi Sun

Funan Liu

Jin Sun

Abstract

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Emerging systemic delivery strategies of oncolytic viruses: A key step toward cancer immunotherapy

Weiyue Ban

Jianhuan Guan

Hanwei Huang

Zhonggui He

Mengchi Sun

Funan Liu

Jin Sun

Abstract

Acknowledgments

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