This article contains an error in the first row and third column of Table 1. The table as published gives this value as 254; it should in fact be 154. The correct version of the table is below.
Table 1.
Description of sample: diagnosis and outcomes variables (n = 36,293)
| Diagnosis | Serious legal trouble past 12 m | Lifetime incarceration | Lifetime violence to others | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n 12m | n life | n (%) | OR (95% CI) c | n (%) | OR (95% CI) c | n (%) | OR (95% CI) c | |
| No diagnosis | 22618 | 17775 | 154 (0.7%) | Ref | 809 (4.6%) | Ref | 1660 (9.4%) | Ref |
| Any SU, MI or PD | 13675 | 18518 | 502 (3.7%) | 6.1*** (5.1; 7.4) | 3321 (18.0%) | 4.7*** (4.2; 5.2) | 6547 (35.4%) | 4.9*** (4.5; 5.3) |
| Any SU or MI | 12126 | 17755 | 467 (3.9%) | 6.4*** (5.3; 7.7) | 3181 (18%) | 4.7*** (4.2; 5.2) | 6117 (34.5%) | 4.7*** (4.3; 5.1) |
| Any MI or PD | 10797 | 13843 | 394 (3.6%) | 6.2*** (5.2; 7.5) | 2402 (17.4%) | 4.5*** (4.0; 5.1) | 5419 (39.2%) | 5.8*** (5.3; 6.2) |
| Any SU or PD | 9514 | 13219 | 462 (4.9%) | 8.3*** (6.9; 10.0) | 3034 (23.1%) | 6.3*** (5.6; 7.1) | 5681 (43.1%) | 6.6*** (6.1; 7.2) |
| Comorbid SU and MI | 2214 | 5470 | 171 (7.7%) | 14.0*** (11.3; 17.4) | 1428 (26.2%) | 7.4*** (6.6; 8.4) | 2743 (50.2%) | 8.8*** (8.1; 9.7) |
| Comorbid SU and PD | 2039 | 3455 | 205 (10.1%) | 19.5*** (15.7; 24.2) | 1287 (37.4%) | 13.2*** (11.5; 15.2) | 2522 (73.0%) | 24.3*** (21.5; 27.5) |
| Comorbid MI and PD | 3480 | 4198 | 207 (5.9%) | 10.6*** (8.5; 13.3) | 1186 (28.3%) | 8.9*** (7.8; 10.3) | 1665 (20.6%) | 17.3*** (15.4; 19.4) |
| Comorbid SU and PD and MI | 1323 | 2671 | 132 (10.0%) | 19.0*** (14.6; 24.6) | 963 (36.1%) | 12.4*** (10.7; 14.5) | 1944 (72.8%) | 23.7*** (20.8; 26.9) |
| Any MI | 8532 | 12296 | 286 (3.4%) | 5.6*** (4.6; 6.9) | 1938 (15.8%) | 4.0*** (3.6; 4.5) | 4411 (35.9%) | 5.0*** (4.6; 5.4) |
| Schizophrenia/Psychosis | 337 | 902 | 28 (8.3%) | 17.5*** (10.6; 28.9) | 218 (24.2%) | 6.5*** (4.9; 8.6) | 381 (42.2%) | 6.9*** (5.3; 9.0) |
| Any Mood Disorder | 4894 | 8639 | 198 (4.0%) | 7.1*** (5.7; 8.9) | 1382 (16.1%) | 4.1*** (3.6; 4.6) | 3252 (37.7%) | 5.4*** (4.9; 5.8) |
| Major Depression | 3961 | 7430 | 149 (3.8%) | 6.6*** (5.1; 8.4) | 1061 (14.4%) | 3.5*** (3.1; 4.0) | 2584 (34.8%) | 4.7*** (4.3; 5.2) |
| Persistent Depressive | 1185 | 2017 | 52 (4.4%) | 7.6*** (5.4; 10.8) | 371 (18.5%) | 5.0*** (4.2; 5.9) | 849 (42.3%) | 6.7*** (5.8; 7.7) |
| Bipolar 1 | 565 | 752 | 37 (6.5%) | 12.7*** (8.0; 20.1) | 235 (31.5%) | 9.8*** (7.6; 12.5) | 491 (65.5%) | 17.0*** (14.0; 20.7) |
| Any Anxiety Disorder | 4700 | 5989 | 155 (3.3%) | 5.5*** (4.3; 7.0) | 1108 (16.9%) | 4.3*** (3.8; 4.9) | 2313 (38.7%) | 5.6*** (5.1; 6.2) |
| Specific Phobia | 2035 | 2279 | 51 (2.5%) | 4.3*** (3.0; 6.2) | 353 (15.5%) | 3.9*** (3.2; 4.6) | 853 (37.5%) | 5.4*** (4.7; 6.2) |
| Social Anxiety | 980 | 1255 | 37 (3.8%) | 5.9*** (3.9; 8.9) | 274 (22.0%) | 5.9*** (4.9; 7.2) | 552 (44.1%) | 7.0*** (6.0; 8.3) |
| Panic | 1103 | 1811 | 52 (4.7%) | 7.0*** (4.7; 10.3) | 353 (19.6%) | 5.2*** (4.2; 6.3) | 797 (44.1%) | 6.9*** (6.1; 7.9) |
| Agoraphobia | 549 | 690 | 22 (4.0%) | 6.1*** (3.5; 10.6) | 158 (23.1%) | 6.3*** (4.8; 8.3) | 342 (49.7%) | 8.4*** (7.0; 10.1) |
| Generalized Anxiety | 1908 | 2708 | 82 (4.3%) | 7.2*** (5.2; 10.0) | 505 (18.7%) | 4.8*** (4.1; 5.6) | 1170 (43.2%) | 6.7*** (6.0; 7.6) |
| Posttraumatic Stress | 1778 | 2337 | 87 (4.9%) | 7.7*** (5.6; 10.6) | 531 (22.8%) | 6.3*** (5.4; 7.4) | 1248 (53.4%) | 9.8*** (8.7; 11.1) |
| Eating Disordera | 385 | 615 | 6 (1.6%) | 2.3 (1.0; 5.6) | 89 (14.5%) | 3.8*** (2.7; 5.2) | 251 (40.8%) | 6.2*** (5.1; 7.5) |
| Any Substance Use Disorder | 5808 | 10929 | 352 (6.1%) | 10.5*** (8.6; 12.7) | 2671 (24.6%) | 6.7*** (6.0; 7.6) | 4449 (40.8%) | 6.1*** (5.5; 6.7) |
| Alcohol Abuse | 5133 | 10000 | 306 (6.0%) | 10.2*** (8.3; 12.5) | 2388 (24.0%) | 6.6*** (5.8; 7.4) | 4032 (40.4%) | 6.0*** (5.4; 6.6) |
| Drug Abuse | 1487 | 3548 | 154 (10.4%) | 19.9*** (15.5; 25.5) | 1342 (38.1%) | 13.1*** (11.3; 15.1) | 1960 (55.4%) | 11.2*** (9.9; 12.5) |
| Any personality disorderb | NA | 5745 | 315 (5.5%) | 10.6*** (8.3; 13.5) | 1650 (28.8%) | 9.1*** (8.0; 10.4) | 3754 (65.3%) | 17.3*** (15.6; 19.1) |
| Borderlineb | NA | 4300 | 250 (5.8%) | 11.3*** (8.9; 14.3) | 1240 (28.9%) | 9.4*** (8.2; 10.7) | 2911 (67.7%) | 19.4*** (17.4; 21.7) |
| Antisocialb | NA | 1600 | 132 (8.3%) | 16.6*** (12.2; 22.6) | 714 (44.8%) | 18.5*** (15.7; 21.8) | 1356 (84.8%) | 49.8*** (41.8; 59.4) |
| Schizotypalb | NA | 2438 | 148 (6.1%) | 12.7*** (9.7; 16.6) | 685 (28.2%) | 8.8*** (7.4; 10.5) | 1522 (62.4%) | 15.0*** (13.1; 17.1) |
Sample is limited to people with data on functional impairment. Psychiatric categories are not mutually exclusive. Lower scores indicate poorer perceived functioning.
*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001.
a
Includes bulimia, anorexia nervosa.
b
Only lifetime personality disorder diagnoses are available.
c
Data weighted to adjust for non-response.
Reference
- Buchanan A, Moore KE, Pittman B, McKee SA (2021). Psychosocial function, legal involvement and violence in mental disorder. European Psychiatry, 64(1), e75, 1–8. DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2250 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]