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. 2022 Feb 17;22:182. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-09022-w

Correction to: Attention to principles of exercise training: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials in cancers other than breast and prostate

Kelcey A Bland 1, Sarah E Neil-Sztramko 2, Kendra Zadravec 3, Mary E Medysky 4, Jeffrey Kong 5, Kerri M Winters-Stone 4, Kristin L Campbell 3,5,
PMCID: PMC8855544  PMID: 35177033

Correction to: BMC Cancer 21, 1179 (2021)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08701-y

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified the following typesetting errors:

  1. A small number of references were not inserted in-text correctly. As a result, some in-text citations are not correct for specific statements in our results section on pages 4-5. The corrected version should read as follows:

    “There were 58 (54%) studies conducted among adults diagnosed with solid tumours [24, 34-90], 25 (23%) studies in haematological cancers [25, 91-114] and 24 (22%) studies including patients with mixed cancer diagnoses [26, 115-137]. For the studies in solid tumours, exercise interventions were delivered during cancer treatment in 20 (34%) studies [34-53], during and after treatment in 12 (21%) studies [24, 54-64], and entirely after treatment in 26 (45%) studies [65-90]. The most common solid tumour groups investigated were cancers of the colon or rectum (n = 15, 26%), lung (n = 12, 21%), and head and neck (n = 10, 17%). For studies in haematological cancers, 13 (52%) delivered exercise interventions during treatment [91-103], specifically stem-cell transplant or chemotherapy, four (16%) during and after treatment [25, 104-106], and eight (32%) after treatment [107-114]. In studies that enrolled adults with mixed cancer diagnoses, seven (29%) of these studies delivered interventions during cancer treatment [26, 115-120], six (25%) during and after treatment [121-126], and 11 (46%) after treatment [127-137].”

    This in-text error affects downstream citation numbering, including citations in Table 2. It also influences the reference list order.

  2. One of the studies in Table 2 appears in the wrong location. The study by Grote et al. should appear under the section “Solid tumours, during treatment.”

Table 2.

Reporting of the principles of exercise training, FITT prescription components and adherence

Training principles Exercise prescription Adherence Significant between group differences
Reference Sp Pr Ov IV Rev DR F I T T F I T T
Solid tumours
During treatment
  Arbane 2011 [34] + NR NR NR NR NR ? ? ? ? NR NR NR NR ↑ Leg strength (inpatient only)
  Backman 2014 [35] + NR + NR NR ? + NR + + + NR + + None
  Capozzi 2016 [36] + + + + ? ? + + ? ? + NR + NR None
  Christensen 2014 [37] + + + + ? ? + + + + + NR NR NR None
  Grote 2018 [38] + + + + NR NR + + + + + + ? ? None
  Hammer 2020 [39] + NR + + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR None
  Kamel 2020 [40] + + + + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ 6 m walk test, 400 m walk test, chair rise test, isokinetic knee ext./elbow flex/ext., isometric knee ext./elbow flex/ext., LBM ↓ %BF
  Lin 2014 [41] ? ? NR + NR NR + ? + + + NR NR NR None
  Moller 2015 [42] + + + + NR ? + + ? + + NR NR NR ↑ VO2peak
  Mustian 2009 [43] + ? ? NR ? + + + + + ? NR + + ↓ Fatigue*
  Rogers 2013 [44] + + NR + NR NR + + + + + NR NR ? None
  Samuel 2013 [45] + ? NR + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT*
  Samuel 2019 [46] + NR NR + ? ? + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT*
  Sandmael 2017 [47] + ? NR + ? ? + ? + + + NR NR NR None
  Stuecher 2019 [48] + ? ? + ? ? + + + + ? ? + + ↑ SPPB, postural stability, LBM
  VanVulpen 2016 [49] + + + + ? ? + + + ? + ? + NR ↓ Fatigue*
  Vigario 2011 [50] NR NR + + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR None
  Xu 2015 [51] + NR NR + NR NR + + + + + + + + ↑ BW*, 6MWT*, HGS
  Yen 2019 [52] + NR ? + NR NR + + + ? NR NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT*, BPR/HRR ↓ HR/BP/MAP/RPP/RPE
  Zhao 2016 [53] + ? + + ? ? + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ Knee ext
During/after treatment
  Courneya 2003 [54] + NR ? ? NR NR + + + + NR ? + + None
  DeNysschen 2011 [55] + ? + + ? NR + + + + + + + ? None
  Donnelly 2011 [24] + NR NR + ? ? + NR ? ? NR NR ? NR ↓ Fatigue*
  Edvardsen 2015 [56] + ? ? + NR NR + + ? + + + NR NR ↑VO2peak*, leg press 1RM, stair climb, 30s sit-to-stand, BMI, total muscle mass, Tlco
  Granger 2013 [57] + + + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑, 6MWT
  Hoffman 2017 [58] + + NR + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT
  Kaibori 2013 [59] + NR ? ? NR NR + ? + + NR NR NR NR ↑ VO2peak/AT VO2, platelet count test, branched-chain amino acid/tyrosine ratio (high frequency subgroup) ↓ BW, FM, insulin, insulin resistance
  Onerup 2020 [60] + ? NR + ? ? + + + + + ? ? + None
  Quist 2018 (EE) [61] + ? + + ? ? + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ VO2peak* (26 wks), ↑ 6MWT (14 wks) ↑ FEV1 (14, 26, 52 wks)
  Quist 2018 (LE) [61] + ? + + ? ? + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT ↑ FEV1 (26 wks)
  Salhi 2015 [62] + NR + + NR NR + + + + ? NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT*
  Sommer 2016 (EE) [63] + + + + ? ? + + + + ? ? ? ? None
  Sommer 2016 (LE) [63] + ? + ? ? ? + + + + + ? NR ? None
  Stigt 2013 [64] NR NR ? + ? ? + ? NR ? + NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT
After treatment
  Adams 2017 [65] + + + + ? ? + + + + + + NR ? ↑ VO2peak *, HRR, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, carotid distensibility, brachial diameter, velocity time integral ↓ HR, DBP, carotid intima-media thickness, carotid-femoral PWV, femoral-toe PWV, CRP, LDL
  Arbane 2014 [66] + ? + + NR NR + + ? + NR NR NR NR ↑ Leg strength (subgroup)
  Bourke 2011 [67] + NR NR + NR NR + + + + + + + + ↑ Aer capacity, 30s sit-to-stand
  Brocki 2014 [68] + + + + ? ? + + + + NR NR NR NR None
  Brown 2017 (high dose) [69] + + + + NR NR ? + + + + + + + ↑ BMD, 6MWT ↓ Visceral adipose tissue, WC, sICAM-1
  Brown 2017 (low dose) [69] + + + + NR NR ? + + + + + + + ↑ BMD, 6MWT ↓ Insulin resistance, sICAM-1
  Cavalheri 2017 [70] + ? + + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑VO2peak*, 6MWT
  Chang 2020 [71] + NR ? + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ VO2peak, 6MWT, albumin
  Christensen 2019 [72] + ? + + ? ? ? + + + ? + + +

↓ Glucose AUC, FM

↑ Matsuda

index,

  Crawford 2017 [73] ? + NR + NR NR + NR + + + NR NR ? ↑ 6MWT, 30s sit-to-stand, arm curl test, HGS, 8 ft. up-and-go, sit-and-reach
  Devin 2016 (HIE) [74] + NR + NR NR NR + + + + + + + + ↑ VO2peak, PPO ↓ BW
  Devin 2016 (MIE) [74] + NR + NR NR NR + + + + + + + + None
  Devin 2018 (HIIE) [75] + NR + ? + ? + + + + + + + + ↑ VO2peak ↓ FM
  Devin 2018 (HIIE-T) [75] + NR + ? + ? + + + + + + + + ↑ VO2peak
  Devin 2018 (MICE) [75] + NR + ? + ? + + + + + + + + None
  Gehring 2018 [76] + ? + + NR NR + + NR + + + + + None
  Hausmann 2018 [77] + NR NR NR ? ? + ? + ? NR NR NR NR ↑ VO2peak
  Lee 2013 [78] + ? NR NR NR NR ? ? ? + ? ? ? NR None
  Lee 2017 [79] ? ? NR ? NR NR + ? ? ? NR NR NR NR ↓ Insulin*, TNF-α, ↑ 30s sit-to-stand, push-up, HGS
  Lee 2018 [80] ? NR NR ? NR NR + NR ? ? ? NR NR NR ↑ PA levels*, step test, push-up test
  Lønbro 2013 (EE) [81] + ? NR NR ? NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ LBM, isometric knee ext., isokinetic knee flex (wk 12)
  Lønbro 2013 (DE) [81] + ? NR NR ? NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ LBM, isometric knee ext./flex, isokinetic knee ext./flex, sit-to-stand, arm curl (wk 24)
  Martin 2015 (HIG) [82] + ? + NR + ? + + + ? + ? NR NR ↑ VO2peak
  Martin 2015 (LIG) [82] + ? + NR + ? + + + ? + ? NR NR ↑ VO2peak
  Mascherini 2020 [83] + ? + + NR ? + ? + ? ? NR ? ? ↑ 6MWT, 30s sit-to-stand, sit and reach ↓ BW, BMI, HC
  McNeely 2008 [84] + + + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↓ Pain & disability* ↑ Chest press/seated row 1RM
  Messaggi-Sartor 2019 [85] + + + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR + ↑ VO2 peak ↑ peak ventilation, max inspiratory pressure, max expiratory pressure, IGFBP-3
  Meyerhardt 2020 [86] + + ? + NR NR ? ? + + ? ? ? ? ↓ Insulin*, hs-CRP, IL6, insulin resistance, BW, BMI, WC
  Nuri 2016 [87] + NR NR NR + ? + ? + ? NR NR NR NR ↑ Ghrelin*, estimated VO2peak ↓ %BF
  Pinto 2013 [88] + + + + ? ? + + + + ? NR + NR ↑ PA levels*, estimated VO2peak*
  Porserud 2014 [89] + NR NR NR ? ? + NR + ? + NR ? NR ↑ 6MWT*
  Rossi 2016 [90] + ? ? + NR NR + + + + + NR ? ? ↑ 6MWT ↓ WC
Haematological cancer
During treatment
  Alibhai 2015 [91] + + + + ? ? + ? + + + NR + NR ↑ 6MWT, HGS, 10-chair stand test
  Baumann 2010 [92] + NR + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ Aer capacity (W, min)*, knee ext.*, QoL*, IVC, FVC
  Baumann 2011 [93] + NR ? NR NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ Aer capacity (W/kg)*
  Bryant 2018 [94] + + ? + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR None
  Coleman 2003 [95] + NR ? NR NR NR NR NR NR + + NR NR NR ↑ LBM
  Coleman 2012 [96] + NR NR + NR NR ? + + + ? NR NR NR None
  Duregon 2019 [97] + ? ? + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR None
  Jarden 2009 [98] + ? ? NR ? NR + ? + + + NR NR + ↑ Chest press/leg ext. 1RM, isometric knee ext
  Larsen 2019 [99] + ? ? + ? ? + ? + + + ? ? ? None
 Oechsle 2014 [100] + NR ? + NR NR + ? + + + NR NR NR ↑ estimated VO2, VE
  Santa-Mina 2020 [101] + ? + + ? ? + ? + + ? ? ? ? None
  Streckmann 2014 [102] + NR ? + ? ? + + + + ? NR NR ? ↑ QoL*, peripheral deep sensitivity, balance control on static/dynamic surface & with perturbation
  Wehrle 2019 (AER) [103] + NR + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR None
  Wehrle 2019 (RET) [103] + NR NR + NR NR + + ? + + NR NR NR ↑ Knee ext./flex
During/after treatment
  Courneya 2009 [25] + + + NR ? ? + + + + + + + + ↑ QoL*, VO2peak, LBM ↓ %BF
  Koutoukidis 2020 [104] + + + + ? ? + ? ? ? ? NR ? ? ↑ Leg ext
  Mello 2003 [105] ? ? NR NR NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ Hip flex*
  Wiskemann 2011 [106] + ? + + ? ? + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT, lower body strength ↓ Total mortality (after discharge)
After treatment
  Alibhai 2014 [107] + NR NR + ? ? + ? + + + NR ? NR None
  Furzer 2016 [108] + + + NR + + + + + ? + + + NR ↓ Fatigue* ↑ Aer capacity (W/kg), chest/arms/legs/total strength 1RM, %BF, LBM, BMD
  Hacker 2011 [109] + ? ? + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR None
  Hacker 2017 [110] + + ? + NR NR + + NR + + NR NR NR ↑ Timed stair climb, TUG
  Jarden 2013 [111] + ? ? + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT*, estimated VO2peak, 30s sit-to-stand, arm curl test
  Knols 2011 [112] + ? ? ? ? ? + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ 6MWT*, knee ext.*
  Persoon 2017 [113] + + + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR None
  Shelton 2009 (Sup) [114] + ? NR + NR NR + ? + + + NR NR NR None
  Shelton 2009 (HB) [114] + ? NR + NR NR + ? ? + NR NR NR NR None
Mixed cancer types
During treatment
  Adamsen 2009 [26] + ? + NR NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↓ Fatigue* ↑ estimated VO2peak, leg press/chest press/pull down 1RM
  Arrieta 2019 [115] + ? NR + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ↑ SPPB* (breast cancer, female, normal nutritional status subgroups only)
  Griffith 2009 [116] + NR ? + NR NR + + + + + NR + + ↑ VO2peak (prostate vs non-prostate)
  Marechal 2019 [117] + ? ? + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↑ Sit-to-stand, global physical capacity score
  Peterson 2018 [118] + + ? + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR None
  Sturm 2014 [119] ? NR NR + NR NR + NR + + + NR NR + ↑ 6MWT ↓ Fatigue*
  Wenzel 2013 [120] + NR + + NR NR + + + + NR NR NR NR ↓ Sleep quality* ↑ Vigour
During/after treatment
  Courneya 2003 [121] + NR ? NR NR NR + + + + NR ? + NR ↑ QoL* ↓ %BF
  Courneya 2008 [122] + NR + NR NR NR + + NR + + + + + ↑ VO2peak, PPO, VT
  Irwin 2017 [123] ? ? NR NR NR NR + NR ? ? + NR ? NR ↑ 6MWT
  Mayo 2014 [124] + + + ? ? ? + NR + + + NR + + None
  Schuler 2017 (Sup + HB) [125] + NR NR + ? ? + + + ? NR NR NR NR None
  Schuler 2017 (HB) [125] + NR NR + ? ? + + + ? NR NR NR NR None
  Schwartz 2009 (AER) [126] + NR NR + NR + + NR + + + NR NR NR ↓ Weight gain*, %BF* ↑ 12MWT, overhead press/seated row/leg press 1RM
  Schwartz 2009 (RET) [126] + ? + + NR + + NR + + + NR NR NR None
After treatment
  Broderick 2013 [127] + + + + + + + + + + + + + NR None
  Burnham 2002 [128] + + + NR NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ VO2peak, flexibility ↓ %BF
  Jones 2014 [129] + + + + + + + + + + ? NR + + ↑ Cardiovascular mortality/hospitalization
  Kampshoff 2015 (HI) [130] + + + ? NR NR + + + + + ? + + ↑ VO2peak *, PPO*, VT* (HI/LMI) ↓ Fatigue*
  Kampshoff 2015 (LMI) [130] + + + ? NR NR + + + + + ? + + None
  Kneis 2019 (AER) [131] + ? + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ Jump height/Pmax_jump, vibration sense
  Kneis 2019 (AER + balance) [131] + ? + + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR ↑ MSEOunstable duration, patella vibration ↓ STEO
  Knobf 2017 [132] + ? + + NR NR + + + + + NR ? NR ↑ Aer capacity, HRR ↔ Insulin
  LaStayo 2011 [133] + + NR + NR NR + + + + + + NR + ↑ Muscle CSA, 6MWT, stair descent
  Midtgaard 2013 [134] + + + + NR NR + + + + + ? NR NR ↑ PA levels*, VO2peak*, leg press/chest press 1RM
  Pisu 2017 [135] + NR NR + NR NR + + + + + NR NR NR None
  Thorsen 2005 [136] ? NR ? NR NR NR + + + + + NR NR + ↑ VO2peak*
  Toohey 2016 (LVHIIT) [137] + + + + NR NR + + + + ? ? ? + ↑ 6MWT
  Toohey 2016 (CLMIT) [137] + NR + + NR NR + + + + ? ? ? + None

*Primary outcome where specifically stated, +: clear reporting, NR not reported,?: unclear reporting, %BF body fat %, 1RM 1-repetition maximum, 12MWT 12-min walk test, 6MWT 6-min walk test, AER aerobic exercise, BM body mass, BMD bone mineral density, BP blood pressure, BW body weight, CG control group, CRP C-reactive protein, CSA cross-sectional area, DE delayed exercise, EE early exercise, FM fat mass, FVC forced vital capacity, HC hip circumference, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HGS handgrip strength, HI high intensity exercise, HIE high-intensity exercise, HIG high-intensity group, HIIE-T high-intensity interval exercise-tapered, HR heart rate, HRR heart rate recovery, IG intervention group, IL6 interleukin 6, IVC inspiratory vital capacity, LBM lean body mass, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LIG low-intensity group, LMI low-to-moderate intensity exercise, LVHIIT low-volume high intensity interval training, MAP mean arterial pressure, MICE moderate intensity continuous exercise, MIPT maximum isokinetic peak torque, MSEO monopedal stance on stable surface, MSEOunstable monopedal stance on unstable surface, MVIC maximum voluntary isometric contraction, Pmax_jump maximum jump power output, PPO peak power output, PWV pulse wave velocity, QoL quality of life, RET resistance training, ROM range of motion, RPP rate pressure product, SPPB short physical performance battery, STEO semi-tandem stance with eyes open, Sup supervised, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, Tlco carbon monoxide transfer factor, TUG timed up and go, VE ventilatory equivalent, VO2 oxygen consumption, VO2peak peak oxygen consumption, VT ventilatory threshold, W watts, WC waist circumference

Please see below for the corrected Table 2. The reference list has been corrected in the updated article [1].

These corrections were typesetting errors and do not influence the results of this article. The publishers apologise for this error. The original article [1] has been updated.

Reference

  • 1.Bland KA, Neil-Sztramko SE, Zadravec K, et al. Attention to principles of exercise training: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials in cancers other than breast and prostate. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:1179. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08701-y. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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