Correction to: BMC Cancer 21, 1179 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08701-y
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified the following typesetting errors:
-
A small number of references were not inserted in-text correctly. As a result, some in-text citations are not correct for specific statements in our results section on pages 4-5. The corrected version should read as follows:
“There were 58 (54%) studies conducted among adults diagnosed with solid tumours [24, 34-90], 25 (23%) studies in haematological cancers [25, 91-114] and 24 (22%) studies including patients with mixed cancer diagnoses [26, 115-137]. For the studies in solid tumours, exercise interventions were delivered during cancer treatment in 20 (34%) studies [34-53], during and after treatment in 12 (21%) studies [24, 54-64], and entirely after treatment in 26 (45%) studies [65-90]. The most common solid tumour groups investigated were cancers of the colon or rectum (n = 15, 26%), lung (n = 12, 21%), and head and neck (n = 10, 17%). For studies in haematological cancers, 13 (52%) delivered exercise interventions during treatment [91-103], specifically stem-cell transplant or chemotherapy, four (16%) during and after treatment [25, 104-106], and eight (32%) after treatment [107-114]. In studies that enrolled adults with mixed cancer diagnoses, seven (29%) of these studies delivered interventions during cancer treatment [26, 115-120], six (25%) during and after treatment [121-126], and 11 (46%) after treatment [127-137].”
This in-text error affects downstream citation numbering, including citations in Table 2. It also influences the reference list order.
One of the studies in Table 2 appears in the wrong location. The study by Grote et al. should appear under the section “Solid tumours, during treatment.”
Table 2.
Training principles | Exercise prescription | Adherence | Significant between group differences | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Sp | Pr | Ov | IV | Rev | DR | F | I | T | T | F | I | T | T | |
Solid tumours | |||||||||||||||
During treatment | |||||||||||||||
Arbane 2011 [34] | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ? | ? | ? | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Leg strength (inpatient only) |
Backman 2014 [35] | + | NR | + | NR | NR | ? | + | NR | + | + | + | NR | + | + | None |
Capozzi 2016 [36] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | NR | + | NR | None |
Christensen 2014 [37] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Grote 2018 [38] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | None |
Hammer 2020 [39] | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Kamel 2020 [40] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6 m walk test, 400 m walk test, chair rise test, isokinetic knee ext./elbow flex/ext., isometric knee ext./elbow flex/ext., LBM ↓ %BF |
Lin 2014 [41] | ? | ? | NR | + | NR | NR | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Moller 2015 [42] | + | + | + | + | NR | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak |
Mustian 2009 [43] | + | ? | ? | NR | ? | + | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | + | + | ↓ Fatigue* |
Rogers 2013 [44] | + | + | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | ? | None |
Samuel 2013 [45] | + | ? | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT* |
Samuel 2019 [46] | + | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT* |
Sandmael 2017 [47] | + | ? | NR | + | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Stuecher 2019 [48] | + | ? | ? | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | ↑ SPPB, postural stability, LBM |
VanVulpen 2016 [49] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | ? | + | NR | ↓ Fatigue* |
Vigario 2011 [50] | NR | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Xu 2015 [51] | + | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ BW*, 6MWT*, HGS |
Yen 2019 [52] | + | NR | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT*, BPR/HRR ↓ HR/BP/MAP/RPP/RPE |
Zhao 2016 [53] | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Knee ext |
During/after treatment | |||||||||||||||
Courneya 2003 [54] | + | NR | ? | ? | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | ? | + | + | None |
DeNysschen 2011 [55] | + | ? | + | + | ? | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | None |
Donnelly 2011 [24] | + | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | + | NR | ? | ? | NR | NR | ? | NR | ↓ Fatigue* |
Edvardsen 2015 [56] | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | NR | ↑VO2peak*, leg press 1RM, stair climb, 30s sit-to-stand, BMI, total muscle mass, Tlco |
Granger 2013 [57] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑, 6MWT |
Hoffman 2017 [58] | + | + | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT |
Kaibori 2013 [59] | + | NR | ? | ? | NR | NR | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak/AT VO2, platelet count test, branched-chain amino acid/tyrosine ratio (high frequency subgroup) ↓ BW, FM, insulin, insulin resistance |
Onerup 2020 [60] | + | ? | NR | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | None |
Quist 2018 (EE) [61] | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak* (26 wks), ↑ 6MWT (14 wks) ↑ FEV1 (14, 26, 52 wks) |
Quist 2018 (LE) [61] | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT ↑ FEV1 (26 wks) |
Salhi 2015 [62] | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT* |
Sommer 2016 (EE) [63] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | None |
Sommer 2016 (LE) [63] | + | ? | + | ? | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | ? | None |
Stigt 2013 [64] | NR | NR | ? | + | ? | ? | + | ? | NR | ? | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT |
After treatment | |||||||||||||||
Adams 2017 [65] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | NR | ? | ↑ VO2peak *, HRR, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, carotid distensibility, brachial diameter, velocity time integral ↓ HR, DBP, carotid intima-media thickness, carotid-femoral PWV, femoral-toe PWV, CRP, LDL |
Arbane 2014 [66] | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | ? | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Leg strength (subgroup) |
Bourke 2011 [67] | + | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ Aer capacity, 30s sit-to-stand |
Brocki 2014 [68] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Brown 2017 (high dose) [69] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ BMD, 6MWT ↓ Visceral adipose tissue, WC, sICAM-1 |
Brown 2017 (low dose) [69] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ BMD, 6MWT ↓ Insulin resistance, sICAM-1 |
Cavalheri 2017 [70] | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑VO2peak*, 6MWT |
Chang 2020 [71] | + | NR | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak, 6MWT, albumin |
Christensen 2019 [72] | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + |
↓ Glucose AUC, FM ↑ Matsuda index, |
Crawford 2017 [73] | ? | + | NR | + | NR | NR | + | NR | + | + | + | NR | NR | ? | ↑ 6MWT, 30s sit-to-stand, arm curl test, HGS, 8 ft. up-and-go, sit-and-reach |
Devin 2016 (HIE) [74] | + | NR | + | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ VO2peak, PPO ↓ BW |
Devin 2016 (MIE) [74] | + | NR | + | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | None |
Devin 2018 (HIIE) [75] | + | NR | + | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ VO2peak ↓ FM |
Devin 2018 (HIIE-T) [75] | + | NR | + | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ VO2peak |
Devin 2018 (MICE) [75] | + | NR | + | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | None |
Gehring 2018 [76] | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | NR | + | + | + | + | + | None |
Hausmann 2018 [77] | + | NR | NR | NR | ? | ? | + | ? | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak |
Lee 2013 [78] | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | ? | ? | ? | + | ? | ? | ? | NR | None |
Lee 2017 [79] | ? | ? | NR | ? | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↓ Insulin*, TNF-α, ↑ 30s sit-to-stand, push-up, HGS |
Lee 2018 [80] | ? | NR | NR | ? | NR | NR | + | NR | ? | ? | ? | NR | NR | NR | ↑ PA levels*, step test, push-up test |
Lønbro 2013 (EE) [81] | + | ? | NR | NR | ? | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ LBM, isometric knee ext., isokinetic knee flex (wk 12) |
Lønbro 2013 (DE) [81] | + | ? | NR | NR | ? | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ LBM, isometric knee ext./flex, isokinetic knee ext./flex, sit-to-stand, arm curl (wk 24) |
Martin 2015 (HIG) [82] | + | ? | + | NR | + | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | ? | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak |
Martin 2015 (LIG) [82] | + | ? | + | NR | + | ? | + | + | + | ? | + | ? | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak |
Mascherini 2020 [83] | + | ? | + | + | NR | ? | + | ? | + | ? | ? | NR | ? | ? | ↑ 6MWT, 30s sit-to-stand, sit and reach ↓ BW, BMI, HC |
McNeely 2008 [84] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↓ Pain & disability* ↑ Chest press/seated row 1RM |
Messaggi-Sartor 2019 [85] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | ↑ VO2 peak ↑ peak ventilation, max inspiratory pressure, max expiratory pressure, IGFBP-3 |
Meyerhardt 2020 [86] | + | + | ? | + | NR | NR | ? | ? | + | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | ↓ Insulin*, hs-CRP, IL6, insulin resistance, BW, BMI, WC |
Nuri 2016 [87] | + | NR | NR | NR | + | ? | + | ? | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Ghrelin*, estimated VO2peak ↓ %BF |
Pinto 2013 [88] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | + | NR | ↑ PA levels*, estimated VO2peak* |
Porserud 2014 [89] | + | NR | NR | NR | ? | ? | + | NR | + | ? | + | NR | ? | NR | ↑ 6MWT* |
Rossi 2016 [90] | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | ? | ? | ↑ 6MWT ↓ WC |
Haematological cancer | |||||||||||||||
During treatment | |||||||||||||||
Alibhai 2015 [91] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | + | NR | ↑ 6MWT, HGS, 10-chair stand test |
Baumann 2010 [92] | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Aer capacity (W, min)*, knee ext.*, QoL*, IVC, FVC |
Baumann 2011 [93] | + | NR | ? | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Aer capacity (W/kg)* |
Bryant 2018 [94] | + | + | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Coleman 2003 [95] | + | NR | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ LBM |
Coleman 2012 [96] | + | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | ? | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | None |
Duregon 2019 [97] | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Jarden 2009 [98] | + | ? | ? | NR | ? | NR | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | ↑ Chest press/leg ext. 1RM, isometric knee ext |
Larsen 2019 [99] | + | ? | ? | + | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? | None |
Oechsle 2014 [100] | + | NR | ? | + | NR | NR | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ estimated VO2, VE |
Santa-Mina 2020 [101] | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | None |
Streckmann 2014 [102] | + | NR | ? | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | ? | ↑ QoL*, peripheral deep sensitivity, balance control on static/dynamic surface & with perturbation |
Wehrle 2019 (AER) [103] | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Wehrle 2019 (RET) [103] | + | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Knee ext./flex |
During/after treatment | |||||||||||||||
Courneya 2009 [25] | + | + | + | NR | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ QoL*, VO2peak, LBM ↓ %BF |
Koutoukidis 2020 [104] | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | NR | ? | ? | ↑ Leg ext |
Mello 2003 [105] | ? | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Hip flex* |
Wiskemann 2011 [106] | + | ? | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT, lower body strength ↓ Total mortality (after discharge) |
After treatment | |||||||||||||||
Alibhai 2014 [107] | + | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | ? | NR | None |
Furzer 2016 [108] | + | + | + | NR | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | ↓ Fatigue* ↑ Aer capacity (W/kg), chest/arms/legs/total strength 1RM, %BF, LBM, BMD |
Hacker 2011 [109] | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Hacker 2017 [110] | + | + | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Timed stair climb, TUG |
Jarden 2013 [111] | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT*, estimated VO2peak, 30s sit-to-stand, arm curl test |
Knols 2011 [112] | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ 6MWT*, knee ext.* |
Persoon 2017 [113] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Shelton 2009 (Sup) [114] | + | ? | NR | + | NR | NR | + | ? | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Shelton 2009 (HB) [114] | + | ? | NR | + | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Mixed cancer types | |||||||||||||||
During treatment | |||||||||||||||
Adamsen 2009 [26] | + | ? | + | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↓ Fatigue* ↑ estimated VO2peak, leg press/chest press/pull down 1RM |
Arrieta 2019 [115] | + | ? | NR | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ↑ SPPB* (breast cancer, female, normal nutritional status subgroups only) |
Griffith 2009 [116] | + | NR | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | + | + | ↑ VO2peak (prostate vs non-prostate) |
Marechal 2019 [117] | + | ? | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Sit-to-stand, global physical capacity score |
Peterson 2018 [118] | + | + | ? | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Sturm 2014 [119] | ? | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | + | NR | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | ↑ 6MWT ↓ Fatigue* |
Wenzel 2013 [120] | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↓ Sleep quality* ↑ Vigour |
During/after treatment | |||||||||||||||
Courneya 2003 [121] | + | NR | ? | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | NR | ? | + | NR | ↑ QoL* ↓ %BF |
Courneya 2008 [122] | + | NR | + | NR | NR | NR | + | + | NR | + | + | + | + | + | ↑ VO2peak, PPO, VT |
Irwin 2017 [123] | ? | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | + | NR | ? | ? | + | NR | ? | NR | ↑ 6MWT |
Mayo 2014 [124] | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? | + | NR | + | + | + | NR | + | + | None |
Schuler 2017 (Sup + HB) [125] | + | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Schuler 2017 (HB) [125] | + | NR | NR | + | ? | ? | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | NR | NR | None |
Schwartz 2009 (AER) [126] | + | NR | NR | + | NR | + | + | NR | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↓ Weight gain*, %BF* ↑ 12MWT, overhead press/seated row/leg press 1RM |
Schwartz 2009 (RET) [126] | + | ? | + | + | NR | + | + | NR | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
After treatment | |||||||||||||||
Broderick 2013 [127] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NR | None |
Burnham 2002 [128] | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ VO2peak, flexibility ↓ %BF |
Jones 2014 [129] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | + | + | ↑ Cardiovascular mortality/hospitalization |
Kampshoff 2015 (HI) [130] | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | ↑ VO2peak *, PPO*, VT* (HI/LMI) ↓ Fatigue* |
Kampshoff 2015 (LMI) [130] | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | None |
Kneis 2019 (AER) [131] | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ Jump height/Pmax_jump, vibration sense |
Kneis 2019 (AER + balance) [131] | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | ↑ MSEOunstable duration, patella vibration ↓ STEO |
Knobf 2017 [132] | + | ? | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | ? | NR | ↑ Aer capacity, HRR ↔ Insulin |
LaStayo 2011 [133] | + | + | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | + | NR | + | ↑ Muscle CSA, 6MWT, stair descent |
Midtgaard 2013 [134] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | ? | NR | NR | ↑ PA levels*, VO2peak*, leg press/chest press 1RM |
Pisu 2017 [135] | + | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | NR | None |
Thorsen 2005 [136] | ? | NR | ? | NR | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | ↑ VO2peak* |
Toohey 2016 (LVHIIT) [137] | + | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? | + | ↑ 6MWT |
Toohey 2016 (CLMIT) [137] | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? | + | None |
*Primary outcome where specifically stated, +: clear reporting, NR not reported,?: unclear reporting, %BF body fat %, 1RM 1-repetition maximum, 12MWT 12-min walk test, 6MWT 6-min walk test, AER aerobic exercise, BM body mass, BMD bone mineral density, BP blood pressure, BW body weight, CG control group, CRP C-reactive protein, CSA cross-sectional area, DE delayed exercise, EE early exercise, FM fat mass, FVC forced vital capacity, HC hip circumference, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HGS handgrip strength, HI high intensity exercise, HIE high-intensity exercise, HIG high-intensity group, HIIE-T high-intensity interval exercise-tapered, HR heart rate, HRR heart rate recovery, IG intervention group, IL6 interleukin 6, IVC inspiratory vital capacity, LBM lean body mass, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LIG low-intensity group, LMI low-to-moderate intensity exercise, LVHIIT low-volume high intensity interval training, MAP mean arterial pressure, MICE moderate intensity continuous exercise, MIPT maximum isokinetic peak torque, MSEO monopedal stance on stable surface, MSEOunstable monopedal stance on unstable surface, MVIC maximum voluntary isometric contraction, Pmax_jump maximum jump power output, PPO peak power output, PWV pulse wave velocity, QoL quality of life, RET resistance training, ROM range of motion, RPP rate pressure product, SPPB short physical performance battery, STEO semi-tandem stance with eyes open, Sup supervised, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, Tlco carbon monoxide transfer factor, TUG timed up and go, VE ventilatory equivalent, VO2 oxygen consumption, VO2peak peak oxygen consumption, VT ventilatory threshold, W watts, WC waist circumference
Please see below for the corrected Table 2. The reference list has been corrected in the updated article [1].
These corrections were typesetting errors and do not influence the results of this article. The publishers apologise for this error. The original article [1] has been updated.
Reference
- 1.Bland KA, Neil-Sztramko SE, Zadravec K, et al. Attention to principles of exercise training: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials in cancers other than breast and prostate. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:1179. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08701-y. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]