Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies, according to study author surname (beginning with J-Y)

Study (year), country	RCT type	Participants	Intervention	Comparisons*	Follow-up (months)	MVPA measure
Jimmy (2005),46 Switzerland	Individual	n=161, 42% male, >15 years; general population, inactive	PA, intensive, GP and PA specialist	GP feedback on current PA levels	14	Self-report: 7-day recall questionnaire
Jolly (2017),47 UK	Individual	n=577, 63% male, >18 years; patients with mild COPD, PA not part of eligibility	COPD self-management including PA, intensive, nurse	Usual care	12	Device measure: GENEActive
Kloek (2018),48 Netherlands	Cluster	n=204, 32% male, 40-80 years; people with hip or knee osteoarthritis, inactive	PA, multiple brief, physiotherapist	Usual care	12	Device measure: ActiGraph
Lawton (2008),49 New Zealand	Individual	n=1089, 0% male, 40-74 years; general population, inactive	PA, multiple brief, nurse and exercise facilitator	Usual care	24	Self-report: NZPAQ-LF
Migneault (2012),50 US	Individual	n=337, 30% male, ≥35 years; African Americans with hypertension, PA not part of eligibility	PA, diet and drugs adherence, multiple brief, GP and researcher	Educational session	8	Self-report: 7d-PAR
Mitchell (2013),51 UK	Individual	n=184, 55% male, mean age 69 years†; patients with COPD, PA not part of eligibility	COPD self-management including PA, intensive, physiotherapist	Usual care	6	Device measure: Sensewear
Moreno (2019),52 Spain	Individual	n=594, 60% male, ≥18 years; patients with type 2 diabetes, PA not part of eligibility	Diabetes self-management including PA, intensive, healthcare professional	Usual care	24	Self-report: 7d-PAR
Morey (2012),53 US	Individual	n=302, 97% male, 60-89 years; older adults with prediabetes mellitus, inactive	PA, multiple brief, GP and lifestyle counsellor	Usual care	12	Self-report: CHAMPS
Pears (2016),54 UK	Individual	n=394, 41% male, 40-74 years; general population, inactive	PA, brief, nurse or healthcare assistant	Usual care	1	Device measure: ActiGraph
Pinto (2002),55 US	Individual	n=298, 28% male, ≥25 years; general population, inactive	PA, brief, GP and researcher	Healthy eating intervention	6	Self-report: 7d-PAR
Pinto (2005),56 US	Individual	n=100, 37% male, ≥60 years; older adults, inactive	PA, intensive, GP and health educator	Brief advice only	6	Self-report: 7d-PAR
Reed (2008),57 US	Individual	n=237, 27% male, adults; general population, PA not part of eligibility	PA, brief, GP or nurse	Usual care	2	Self-report: IPAQ
Richardson (2007),58 US	Individual	n=20, 25% male, ≥60 years; geriatric population, inactive	PA, brief, GP	Usual care	1	Self-report: MVPA hours during past 7 days
Schillinger (2009),59 US	Individual	n=339, 41% male, >17 years; patients with type 2 diabetes, PA not part of eligibility	Diabetes self-management including PA, intensive, GP and health educator	Usual care	12	Self-report: mins of MVPA on each of the past 7 days
Steptoe (1999),60 UK	Cluster	n=883, 46% male, 18-69 years; adults at increased risk of coronary heart disease, inactivity was one of the possible inclusion criteria	PA, smoking and diet, multiple brief, nurse	Usual care	12	Self-report: Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey
Taheri (2020),61 Qatar	Individual	n=158, 73% male, 18-50 years; patients with early type 2 diabetes, PA not part of eligibility	PA and diet, intensive, GP and dietician or personal trainer	Usual care	12	Self-report: IPAQ
Tiessen (2013),62 Netherlands	Individual	n=201, 69% male, 50-75 years; patients with increased cardiovascular risk, inactivity was one of the possible inclusion criteria	CVD risk including PA, multiple brief, nurse	Usual care	12	Self-report: SQUASH
Valve (2013),63 Finland	Cluster	n=3059, 0% male, 17-21 years; young women, PA not part of eligibility	PA, diet and sleep, multiple brief, nurse	Sexual health and standard lifestyle counselling	30	Self-report: based on previous Finnish health behaviour questionnaires
Van der Weegan (2015),64 Netherlands	Cluster	n=199, 49% male, 40-70 years; patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes, inactive	PA, multiple brief, nurse	Usual care	9	Device measure: Personal activity monitor
Van Sluijs (2005),65 Netherlands	Cluster	n=771, 51% male, 18-70 years; patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or non-insulin dependent diabetes, inactive	PA, multiple brief, GP or nurse and PA counsellor	Usual care	12	Self-report: SQUASH
Vermunt (2012),66 Netherlands	Individual	n=925, 46% male, 40-70 years; patients at high risk of type 2 diabetes, PA not part of eligibility	PA and diet, intensive, GP or nurse and dietician or physiotherapist.	Usual care	30	Self-report: SQUASH
Volger (2013),67 US	Individual	n=390, 20% male, ≥21 years; obese (body mass index 30-50), PA not part of eligibility	PA and diet, multiple brief, GP and medical assistant	Usual care	24	Self-report: Paffenbarger PA survey
Westland (2020),68 Netherlands	Cluster	n=195, 61% male, 40-75 years; patients at risk of CVD, inactive	PA, multiple brief, nurse	Usual care	6	Device measure: Personal activity monitor
Writing Group for the Activity Counselling Trial Research Group (2001),69 US	Individual	n=874, 55% male, 35-75 years; general population, inactive	PA, intensive, GP and health educator (two groups)	Usual care	24	Self-report: 7d-PAR
Yates (2017),70 UK	Cluster	n=808, 64% male, 18-74 years; adults with a high risk of type 2 diabetes, PA not part of eligibility	PA, intensive, GP or health educator	Advice leaflet	36	Device measure: ActiGraph

The term GP includes physician, clinician, doctor, general practitioner.

7d-PAR=7-day Physical Activity Recall; CHAMPS=Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD=cardiovascular disease; IPAQ=International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form); MVPA=moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; NZPAQ-LF=Long form of the New Zealand PA questionnaire; PA=physical activity; RCT=randomised controlled trial; SQUASH=Short Questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity.

^*Usual care as stated in paper.

^†Mean age stated when age range was not reported in study.