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. 2022 Feb 19;12(2):192. doi: 10.3390/metabo12020192

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Differences in plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipid mediators between non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) compared to healthy control (HC) in primary cohort. Metabolic network for (a) Hispanic (HIS); (b) Caucasian (CAU) illustrating saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with pathways of oxylipins and endocannabinoids synthesis. Node size represents fold changes, calculated as (HC − NAFL)/HC. Node’s color represents the directionality of differences: higher in NAFL (red); lower in NAFL (blue); no change (grey). Shown are only lipids with differences between NAFL vs. HC (t-test raw p < 0.05) and/or with interaction (ethnicity × NAFL) (ANCOVA raw p < 0.05). Lipids with interaction (ethnicity × NAFL) (ANCOVA raw p < 0.05) are marked with a solid circle. Means and p-values are detailed in Table S1. Fatty acids are described by number of carbons and double bounds of the fatty acyl moiety (i.e., C18:2n6). NAFL (n = 10 HIS and 8 CAU); HC (n = 14 HIS and 8 CAU). ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; AEA, arachidonoyl ethanolamine; AG, arachidonoyl glycerol; DEA, docosatetraenyl ethanolamide; DGLEA, dihomo-gamma-linolenoyl ethanolamide; DH, dehydrogenase; DHEA, docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide; DiHDoPA, dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid; DiHETE, dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; DiHETrE, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; DiHO, dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid; DiHODE, dihydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; DiHOME, dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid; Elov, fatty acid elongase; Ep-KODE, epoxyoxooctadecenoic acid; EpETE, epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EpODE, epoxyoctadecadienoic acid; EpOME, epoxyoctadecenoic acid; F2-IsoP, F2 isoprostanes; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; Fads, fattyaciddesaturase; HDoHE, hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid; HEPE, hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HODE, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; HOTE, hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid; HpODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid; KETE, keto-eicosatetraenoic; KODE, keto-octadecadienoic acid; LEA, Linoleyl ethanolamine; LG, linoleoylglycerol; LOX, lipoxygenase; NA-Gly, arachidonylglycine; NAPES, N-acylphosphatidyl ethanolamine-specific; NO-Gly; OEA, oleoyl ethanolamine; OG, oleoylglycerol; PEA, palmitoyl ethanolamine; PGE, prostaglandin E; PGF, prostaglandin F; POEA, palmitoleoyl ethanolamide; SEA, stearoyl ethanolamide; sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase; TriHOME, trihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid; TXB, thromboxane.