Table 1.
Representative examples and the physical properties of chromophores with photoacoustic properties that have been used within cancer theranostics. The name of the chromophore, its chemical structure, its maximum wavelength of absorption (λab (nm)) and emission (λfl (nm)), the molar extinction coefficient (ε, (M−1 cm−1)), and the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) are presented.
| Dye | Chemical Structure | λab (nm) | λfl (nm) | Εmax (M−1 cm−1) | Φ | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protoporphyrin IX |
|
405 | 635 | 40,603 | <0.01 (±0.01) in water |
[75] |
| Methylene Blue |
|
665 | 691 | 95,000 | 0.52 in ethanol |
[76] |
| Indocyanine Green |
|
779 (in water) 815 (in blood) |
805 (in water) 815 (in blood) |
156,000 ± 6000 | 2.9 ± 0.2 (in water) 13 ± 1 (in blood) |
[77] |
| PyBODIPY-7 |
|
734 | below the device detection limit | 55,800 | 17 | [78] |