Table 1.
Concentration of free amino acids in non-treated and cold-treated groups.
| Amino Acid | Concentration (mg/mL) | ANOVA Values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Treated | Cold-Treated | F | p | ||
| Aspartic acid + Asparagine | ASP | 1.3 ± 0.3 a | 1.8 ± 0.3 b | 8.0 | 0.01 |
| Glutamic acid + Glutamine | GLU | 2.6 ± 0.5 a | 2.3 ± 0.4 a | 1.2 | 0.3 |
| Alanine | ALA | 1.8 ± 0.6 a | 2.7 ± 0.9 b | 4.9 | 0.04 |
| Arginine | ARG | 0.7 ± 0.2 a | 0.8 ± 0.2 a | 1.7 | 0.2 |
| Cysteine | CYS | <0.2 | < 0.2 | ||
| Phenylalanine | PHE | 1.2 ± 0.3 a | 1.5 ± 0.2 a | 3.6 | 0.08 |
| Glycine | GLY | 1.6 ± 0.6 a | 1.6 ± 0.8 a | 0.01 | 0.9 |
| Histidine | HIS | 0.7 ± 0.2 a | 1.2 ± 0.2 b | 21.0 | 0.001 |
| Isoleucine | ISO | 1.1 ± 0.2 a | 1.5 ± 0.2 b | 13.2 | 0.003 |
| Leucine | LEU | 1.6 ± 0.3 a | 2.1 ± 0.4 b | 9.0 | 0.01 |
| Lysine | LYS | 2.1 ± 0.5 a | 2.6 ± 0.5 a | 3.6 | 0.08 |
| Methionine | MET | <0.2 | <0.2 | ||
| Proline | PRO | 7.1 ± 2.2 a | 6.2 ± 1.4 a | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Serine | SER | 0.8 ± 0.3 a | 1.1 ± 0.2 b | 5.6 | 0.04 |
| Tyrosine | TYR | 0.6 ± 0.2 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 a | 4.5 | 0.05 |
| Threonine | THR | 0.7 ± 0.2 a | 1.0 ± 0.1 b | 19.7 | 0.001 |
| Tryptophan | TRY | <0.2 | <0.2 | ||
| Valine | VAL | 1.4 ± 0.2 a | 2.0 ± 0.2 b | 19.4 | 0.001 |
| TOTAL | TOT | 25 ± 3 a | 29 ± 4 a | 4.3 | 0.06 |
All values are mean ± sem (n = 14 non-treated and n = 14 cold-treated samples, each sample containing the hemolymph of 3–5 individuals from the same group). Values significantly different (p < 0.05) for the same amino acid are labelled with different letters. In the case of valine, the normal distribution was rejected (p = 0.03 in the Shapiro–Wilk test), so we also applied the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test, which led to the same conclusion of significantly different means (U = 3, p = 0.007).