Table 9.

Enzyme inhibitory activities of enantiomers.

Enzymes	Compds.	IC50 (μM)	Reference
AchE	(+)-157a	>100	[100]
	(−)-157b	28.3	[100]
	Galanthamine a	1.9	[100]
AchE	(+)-523a	2.3	[256]
	(−)-523b	13.8	[256]
	(±)-523	9.5	[256]
	Tacrine a	0.14	[256]
α-Glucosidase	(+)-495a	63.7	[237]
	(−)-495b	27.9	[237]
	(±)-495	36.1	[237]
	Acarbose a	477.0	[237]
PTP1B	(−)-339a	Inactive	[176]
	(+)-339b	43.6	[176]
	(+)-340a	38.1	[176]
	(−)-340b	Inactive	[176]
	(−)-341a	61.0	[176]
	(+)-341b	Inactive	[176]
	(−)-342a	58.2	[176]
	(+)-342b	Inactive	[176]
	Oleanolic acid a	2.5	[176]
COX-2	(+)-641a	2.52	[305]
	(−)-641b	6.04	[305]
	(+)-644a	17.8	[305]
	(−)-644b	9.7	[305]
	Celecoxib a	0.016	[305]

^a Positive controls.