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. 2022 Mar 2;60(3):268–275. doi: 10.1007/s12275-022-2037-8

Protective and pathogenic role of humoral responses in COVID-19

Uni Park 1,2, Nam-Hyuk Cho 1,2,3,4,5,✉
PMCID: PMC8890013  PMID: 35235178

Abstract

Since the advent of SARS-CoV-2 in Dec. 2019, the global endeavor to identify the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 has been ongoing. Although humoral immunity including neutralizing activity play an important role in protection from the viral pathogen, dysregulated antibody responses may be associated with the pathogenic progression of COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies acquired by prior infection or vaccination act as immune pressure, driving continuous population turnover by selecting for antibody-escaping mutations. Here, we review accumulating knowledge on the potential role of humoral immune responses in COVID-19, primarily focusing on their beneficial and pathogenic properties. Understanding the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of humoral responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection can help us to develop more effective therapeutics, as well as protective measures against the ongoing pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, humoral immunity, antibody-escaping variants

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2021M3A9H5020761).

Footnotes

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to report.

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