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. 2022 Feb 21;12(5):2370–2382. doi: 10.7150/thno.66905

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In vivo therapeutic efficacy of GV@MSCs and MTX against RA. (A) Treatment protocols for the CIA rat model. The animals were subcutaneously injected four times with GV@MSCs with or without MTX. (B) Macroscopic images of the ankle tissues of normal and CIA rats after 38 days (n = 5) of the indicated treatments. (C and D) Changes in paw thickness and AI scores in the different treatment groups. (E) Micro-CT 3D reconstruction and MRI images of joint structures on day 38 (red arrow indicates the tibiotalar joint, Tib: Tibiotalar). (F and G) BMD and BV/TV of the different treatment groups calculated using the CT images. *, p < 0.05. **, p < 0.01. ***, p < 0.001.