Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics among participants according to baseline MetS.
| Characteristics | MetS (−) (n = 94,043) |
MetS (+) (n = 27,380) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 48.8 ± 10.9 | 53.6 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Male gender (%) | 33.7 | 43.7 | <0.001 |
| DM (%) | 2.5 | 14.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 6.9 | 30.6 | <0.001 |
| Betel nut chewing history (%) | 4.8 | 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Smoking history (%) | 25.3 | 33.9 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking history (%) | 7.5 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
| Regular exercise habits (%) | 40.5 | 40.8 | 0.33 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 27.3 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.8 ± 9.1 | 91.9 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | <0.001 | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 92.0 ± 13.3 | 109.2 ± 32.6 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 92.6 ± 53.2 | 194.8 ± 146.3 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.5 ±34.8 | 199.6 ± 38.9 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57.6 ± 12.9 | 44.2 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 120.0 ± 31.1 | 124.1 ± 33.8 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 104.7 ± 23.5 | 98.4 ± 24.4 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 6.1 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations. MetS, metabolic syndrome; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.