Table 14.

Advantages and disadvantages of immobilized enzymes application (adapted from Ref. [279]).

Advantages	Disadvantages
Simple biocatalyst recovery.	Lower proteolytic activity compared to native protein caused by undesired conformation.
Reduced costs of downstream separation.	Additional costs associated to carries and immobilization procedure.
Reusability of enzyme.	Biocatalyst fouling.
Improved stability over broad range of operating conditions (organic solvents, pH, salinity and temperature)	Mass transfer restrictions.
Possibility of use fixed bed or batch reactors without need of membrane to isolate biocatalyst from the reaction medium.	Disposal of exhausted immobilized enzyme.
Functionality in continuous operations.	Laborious and time‐consuming for immobilization processes