. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 18.

Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2021 Apr 1;58(2):655–684. doi: 10.1215/00703370-8958347

Table 6.

Logistic Regressions. Bill Paying Hardship (Odds Ratios) fur 2013

	Full Sample						Whites					Blacks					Asians					Ilispanics
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1	Model 2		Model 3		Model 1	Model 2		Model 3		Model 1	Model 2		Model 3		Model 1	Model 2		Model 3
Nativity
Native-born (omitted)
Foreign-born, citizen	0.92		0.93		0.98		0.78	0.77		0.85		1.02	1.12		1.00		1.09	1.02		0.98		1.00	1.00		1.02
Legal permanent status	0.88		0.79	^*	0.69	^**	0.48	0.44		0.46		0.53	0.50		0.53		1.06	1.00		0.92		1.09	0.90		0.82
Unauthorized status	094		0.80	^*	0.67	^**	0.55	0.48		0.41		0.87	0.85		0.79		0.51	0.46		0.59		1.11	0.89		0.80
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white (omitted)
Non-Hispanic black	2.74	^***	2.16	^***	1.70	^***
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.60	^**	0.60	^**	0.61	^**
Non-Hispanic other race	2.60	^***	2.11	^***	1.62	^***
Hispanic	2.26	^***	1.81	^***	1.32	^***
Household income-to-poverty ratio			0.81	^***	0.89	^***		0.80	^***	0.89	^***		0.83	^***	0.86	^***		0.92	^*	0.96			0.78	^***	0.86	^***
English language (well/very well)					1.08					1.99					1.60					2.07					1.01
Age					1.00					0.99	^**				1.01	^*				1.01					1.00
Education
Less than high school (omitted)
High school					0.82	^**				0.83					0.82					0.68					0.89
Some college					0.90					0.91					1.09					0.37					0.90
BA+					0.57	^***				0.50	^***				0.88					0.60					0.66	^*
Family structure
Married couple family (omitted)
Other family type					1.27	^***				1.36	^**				0.91					2.03					1.23
Female-headed family					1.58	^***				1.78	^***				1.28					2.60	^*				1.42	^**
Labor force status
Full-time employed (omitted)
Unemployed					1.71	^***				1.97	^***				1.33					1.73					1.45
Part-time employment					1.21	^**				1.21	^*				1.03					1.47					1.40	^*
Out of labor force					0.72	^***				0.71	^***				0.56	^***				0.94					0.96
Household size					1.13	^***				1.13	^***				1.02					1.47	^**				1.17	^***
Children under 18 present					1.14					1.27	^*				1.04					0.37	^*				1.14
Person over 65 present					0.60	^***				0.56	^***				0.68	^*				0.81					0.64	^**
Disabled person present					2.18	^***				2.27	^***				1.93	^***				1.34					1.98	^***
Benefits
TANF/general assistance/SSI/housing assistance					1.11					1.20					1.13					1.40					1.26
Social Security					0.74	^***				0.68	^***				0.77					0.97					0.86
Private health insurance					0.62	^***				0.54	^***				0.70	^**				0.45	^*				0.91
Medicare/Medicaid					1.01					1.18					0.90					0.51					0.98
In metro area					0.99					0.97					1.01					0.69					1.17
Region
Northeast (omitted)
West					0.80	^**				0.73	^**				0.53	^**				0.99					0.98
Midwest					0.77	^***				0.67	^***				0.91					0.99					0.89
South					0.76	^***				074	^***				0.75	^*				1.26					0.77
N	29,685		29,685		29,685		19,906	19,906		19,906		4,340	4,340		4,340		1,029	1,029		1,029		3,686	3,686		3,686

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