Table 1. Comparisons of sociodemographic and institutional characteristics of medical schools with higher percentages of female, senior or UiM or professor faculty members versus those with lower faculty percentages (significant findings).
Table 1 includes 4 univariate analyses in successive sections in which medical schools were analyzed in binary groups by comparing medical schools in the uppermost quartile of each of the 4 variables of the female gender, UiM, senior faculty, and professors to the medical schools in the lower quartiles for each of the 4 listed variables.
Values from AAMC Faculty Roster Benchmark Report (age, race, gender, degrees, ranks) are in percentages.
All other values from US News & World Report Ranking database are means or medians.
(): Standard error of the mean
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistically significant differences.
UiM: Underrepresented in medicine groups included African American, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (OPI), American Indian/Native Alaskan
Female lower and uppermost quartiles: Medical schools with the percentage of female faculty less than 42.4% or greater than/equal to 42.4%, respectively
UiM lower and uppermost quartiles: Medical schools with the percentage of UiM faculty less than 8.06% or greater than/equal to 8.06%, respectively
Senior Faculty lower and uppermost quartiles: Medical schools with percentage faculty >60 years of age less than 27% or greater than/equal to 27%, respectively
Professorial representation lower and uppermost quartiles: Medical schools with percentage of professors less than 26.6% or greater than/equal to 26.6%, respectively
Income: Median income of the zip code in which medical school is located
NIH faculty grant: NIH research grant funds per faculty member (in thousands)
NIH grants: NIH funds granted to medical school and affiliated hospitals (in millions)
Acceptance Rate: Percentage of applicants admitted to the medical school
US ranking in primary care: US News & World Report ranking in primary care with 1 and a lower number being the most desirable
US ranking in research: US News & World Report ranking in research with 1 and a lower number being the most desirable
| Variables | Medical schools with female faculty in lower quartiles (n=386) | Medical schools with female faculty in uppermost quartile (n=134) | P-value |
| UiM | 9.24 (0.58) | 12.05 (1.42) | 0.03 |
| MD | 66.28 (0.55) | 59.02 (1.26) | <0.001 |
| PhD | 22.63 (0.44) | 25.24 (0.94) | 0.01 |
| Assistant Professor | 46.28 (0.53) | 42.165 (0.82) | <0.001 |
| Instructors | 4.08 (0.2) | 9.22 (0.69) | <0.001 |
| NIH grant | 165.423 (9.45) | 258.486 (27.06) | <0.001 |
| Income | 52359.77 (903) | 60516.95 (1698.48) | <0.001 |
| US ranking Primary care | 35.53 (1.45) | 31.83 (2.45) | 0.02 |
| US ranking Research | 38.95 (1.45) | 35.56 (2.47) | 0.04 |
| Faculty student ratio | 2.00 (0.07) | 2.79 (0.21) | <0.001 |
| Tuition out of state | 29491.04 (1255.64) | 35360.55 (2132.12) | 0.019 |
| Variables | Medical schools with UiM faculty in lower quartiles N=417 | Medical schools with UiM faculty in uppermost quartile N=103 | |
| Age > 60 years | 23.17 (0.26) | 27.26 (0.72) | <0.001 |
| Female | 38.77 (0.24) | 40.52 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Male | 60.65 (0.25) | 59.26 (0.5) | 0.007 |
| MD/PhD | 7.82 (0.3) | 5.57 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| Undergraduate GPA | 3.78 (0.01) | 3.73 (0.01) | <0.001 |
| MCAT total score | 512.97 (0.22) | 510.45 (0.37) | <0.001 |
| NIH faculty grant | 133.84 (5.05) | 79.17 (6.45) | <0.001 |
| NIH grant | 209.131 (11.88) | 107.974 (12.46) | <0.001 |
| Income | 56127.83 (978.72) | 49027.8 (1278.68) | <0.001 |
| Tuition in state | 17272.92 (736.52) | 11715.83 (866.06) | <0.001 |
| Tuition out of state | 35452.07 (1258.87) | 17412.45 (1807.71) | <0.001 |
| US ranking Research | 37.86 (1.39) | 38.89 (2.79) | <0.001 |
| Faculty student ratio | 2.39 (0.09) | 1.47 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Year school opened | 1909.33 (2.67) | 1942.79 (4.42) | <0.001 |
| Variables | Medical schools with senior faculty in lower quartiles N=416 | Medical schools with senior faculty in uppermost quartile N= 104 | |
| UiM | 7.09 (0.34) | 17.50 (1.74) | <0.001 |
| MD/PhD | 6.96 (0.18) | 8.04 (0.73) | 0.04 |
| MD | 66.52 (0.48) | 59.04 (1.38) | <0.001 |
| PhD | 21.49 (0.33) | 28.012 (1.14) | <0.001 |
| Professor | 21.68 (0.35) | 25.59 (0.90) | <0.001 |
| Assistant Professor | 46.09 (0.5) | 43.03 (0.96) | 0.002 |
| Undergraduate GPA | 3.78 (0.01) | 3.69 (0.01) | <0.001 |
| MCAT total score | 513 (0.22) | 510.38 (0.42) | <0.001 |
| NIH faculty grant | 130.29 (4.98) | 93.90 (8.22) | <0.001 |
| NIH grant | 214.842 (11.86) | 86.041 (11.13) | <0.001 |
| Tuition in state | 13262.86 (730.92) | 7392.22 (970.03) | <0.001 |
| Tuition out of state | 32730.30 (1256.59) | 26267.39 (2115.7) | 0.008 |
| Faculty student ratio | 2.45 (0.09) | 1.25 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Year school opened | 1911.37 (2.77) | 1934.24 (4.22) | <0.001 |
| Variables | Medical schools with Professors in lower quartiles N=395 | Medical schools with Professors in uppermost quartile N=125 | |
| Age >60 years | 23.14 (0.25) | 27.47 (0.72) | <0.001 |
| Female | 39.87 (0.23) | 37.43 (0.47) | <0.001 |
| Male | 59.92 (0.23) | 61.8 (0.45) | <0.001 |
| MD/PhD | 6.29 (0.21) | 10.20 (0.67) | <0.001 |
| PhD | 21.142 (0.36) | 29.82 (1.04) | <0.001 |
| Undergraduate GPA | 3.76 (0.01) | 3.781 (0.01) | 0.025 |
| Acceptance rate | 6.53 (0.16) | 5.63 (0.26) | 0.005 |
| NIH faculty grant | 109.1 (4.76) | 167.0 (9.02) | <0.001 |
| Tuition in state | 10922.03 (692.63) | 13909.73 (1201.53) | 0.031 |
| US ranking Research | 40.37 (1.45) | 31.43 (2.41) | 0.002 |
| Year school opened | 1914.15 (2.78) | 1927.46 (4.24) | 0.014 |