Table 2.
Patient characteristics in the training and validation cohorts.
| Training Cohort (n = 117) |
Validation Cohort (n = 46) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 53.5 ± 10.2 | 50.1 ± 8.13 | 0.12 |
| Surgery type | 0.41 | ||
| Total mastectomy | 42 | 12 | |
| BCS | 75 | 34 | |
| Radiation therapy | 0.41 | ||
| No | 44 | 11 | |
| Yes | 73 | 35 | |
| Endocrine therapy | 0.10 | ||
| No | 28 | 12 | |
| Yes | 78 | 41 | |
| Ipsilateral recurrence | 1 * | ||
| No recurrence | 110 | 43 | |
| Recurrence | 7 | 3 | |
| DCIS size (cm) | 2.52 ± 1.88 | 2.43 ± 1.94 | 0.62 |
| DCIS nuclear grade | 0.34 | ||
| Non-high | 58 | 19 | |
| High | 59 | 27 | |
| Comedo necrosis | 0.17 | ||
| Negative | 41 | 11 | |
| Positive | 76 | 35 | |
| ER | 0.80 | ||
| Negative | 29 | 12 | |
| Positive | 88 | 34 | |
| PR | 0.86 | ||
| Negative | 34 | 20 | |
| Positive | 72 | 33 | |
| HER2 | 0.23 | ||
| Negative | 85 | 29 | |
| Positive | 32 | 17 | |
| Ki-67 (%) | 14.8 ± 14.7 | 10.9 ± 8.21 | 0.41 |
| IHC_type | 0.69 | ||
| Luminal | 88 | 34 | |
| HER2-enriched | 19 | 10 | |
| Basal-like | 10 | 2 | |
| VNPG | 0.22 | ||
| Low risk | 31 | 8 | |
| Non-low risk | 86 | 38 | |
| COMET classification | 0.33 | ||
| Low risk | 53 | 17 | |
| Non-low risk | 64 | 29 | |
| Resection margin (2 mm) | 0.85 | ||
| Negative | 103 | 40 | |
| Positive | 14 | 6 | |
| Fibroglandular tissue (FGT) | 0.79 | ||
| Almost entirely fat, Scattered | 43 | 14 | |
| Heterogeneous, Extreme | 74 | 32 | |
| Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) | 0.70 | ||
| Minimal, Mild | 93 | 34 | |
| Moderate, Marked | 24 | 12 |
Results are presented as number (percentage) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables. p values were calculated using Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test * for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.