Table 1.
Secreted molecules that have an effect on BM MKs
| Molecule | Type | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCL5 | Cytokine | Positive bias in myeloid cell production | 62-64 |
| CXCL12 | Cytokine | Regulates the spatial distribution of MKs in the BM | 69-70 |
| CXCL4 | Cytokine | Negatively promotes HSC proliferation | 45, 50, 51 |
| IL-1α | Cytokine | TPO-independent differentiator of MKs | 67-68 |
| PAF | Lipid | Affects the growth of human myeloid and erythroid progenitors | 81-82 |
| PtdIns3P | Lipid | Involved in DMS formation | 79 |
| S1P | Lipid | Involved in MK differentiation and proplatelet formation | 85 |
| TGF-β1 | Cytokine | Maintains HSC quiescence | 47 |
| TNF | Cytokine | Rapid maturation of SL-MkPs and MkPs | 5 |
| TPO | Cytokine | Regulates MK differentiation from HSCs | 8,10 |
DMS, demarcation membrane system; IL-1α, interleukin-1α; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.