Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources logoLink to Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources
. 2022 Mar 21;7(3):513–514. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1778564

The complete chloroplast genome of Desmodium styracifolium

Le Thi Yen 1, Joonho Park 1,✉
PMCID: PMC8942485  PMID: 35342799

Abstract

The complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of Desmodium styracifolium, an important medicinal herb for urolithiasis treatment, was sequenced and assembled from the whole genome data. The cpDNA of D. styracifolium is 149,155 bp in length with GC content of 35.2%. The genome has a quadripartite structure that is composed of a large single-copy (LCS, 82,476 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 18,439 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb, 24,120 bp each). There are 128 genes in the chloroplast genome, including 83 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes and 37 tRNA genes.

Keywords: Chloroplast genome, Desmodium styracifolium, phaseoloid legumes, monophyletic group

Desmodieae is a monophyletic group in the paraphyletic Phaseoleae group in the family Fabaceae. Many genuses in this contain high levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory utilized as traditional medicine in Asia (Govindarajan et al. 2007; Lai et al. 2010; Li et al. 2014). Recent studies have investigated the generic-level relationship of Desmodieae with related tribes, but using individual genes is insufficient for understanding of its evolutionary relationships. Therefore, the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of Desmodium provides a rich information for phylogenetic characters gaining deep insight into the evolutionary relationship among phaseoloid legumes.

Desmodium styracifolium is one of the herbal medicines in Asia. The effects of D. styracifolium were observed in the treatment of calcium oxalate renal stone, kidney injuries, and hepatitis (Giang Phan et al. 2010; Zhou et al. 2018). Flavonoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides were reported about these effects (Hirayama et al. 1993; Hou et al. 2018).

Chloroplast is an organelle found in plant and algae. cpDNA is a quadripartite structure consisting of two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) dividing the circular genome into a large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) (Wang et al. 2018). cpDNA contain protein-coding genes and also the genes of rRNA and tRNA (Jiao and Guo 2014; Jansen et al., 2005). The cpDNA is highly conserved in terms of the gene structure and contents among plants, though it has undergone the gene rearrangements (Jansen et al. 2005). Hence, plastome provides a source of information to contribute to not only understanding chloroplast evolution but also phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics in plants (Wolf et al. 2010).

The D. styracifolium leaves were collected from Kampot, Cambodia (10°40′15″N 104°9′31″E) and stored at National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea, Incheon (NIBRGR0000112251). The total genomic DNA was extracted following the optimized CTAB method as previous described (Sahu et al. 2012). The goal of this study is reporting the characteristics of the complete chloroplast genome of D. styracifolium obtained from the Illumina sequencing system (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA).

The cpDNA of D. styracifolium is 149,155 bp in length composed of two IR regions of 24,120 bp that divide a LSC region of 82,476 bp and a SSC region of 18,439 bp. The overall GC content of the cpDNA is 35.2% and IR regions, LSC, SSC possess 42.1%, 32.8% and 28.1%, respectively. There are 128 individual genes in the genome with 83 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes and 37 tRNA genes, in which 17 genes are duplicated in the IRs (rps12, rpl2, rpl23, trnI-CAU, ycf2, trnL-CAA, ndhB, rps7, trnV-GAC, rrn16, trnI-GAU, trnA-UGC, rrn23, rrn4.5, rrn5, trnR-ACG, trnN-GUU). A total of 12 intron-containing genes is shown, 10 containing one intron (trnK-UUU, rps16, atpF, rpoC1, trnL_UAA, trnV-UAC, ndhB, trnI-GAU, trnA-UGC, ndhA) and two (ycf3 and clpP) containing two introns. The complete chloroplast genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under the Accession no. MN913536.

A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the chloroplast genome of D. styracifolium and 5 species from NCBI database aligned with CLUSTALW. The software RaxMLv8.1.20 was used to construct maximum-likelihood tree. Desmodium styracifolium is closely related to D. heterocarpon (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Open in a new tab

Phylogenetic tree constructed from complete genomes of 6 species using maximum-likelihood analysis with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Their accession number are as follows: Desmodium heterocarpon (NC_044113), Hylodesmum podocarpum (MG867568), Lespedeza maritima (NC_044115), Ohwia caudate (NC_044105), and Vigna radiata (NC_013843).

Funding Statement

This study was supported by the Research Project funded by the SeoulTech (Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 2020-0620).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank of NCBI at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, reference number MN913536.

References

  1. Giang Phan M, Son Phan T, Matsunami K, Otsuka H.. 2010. Flavonoid compounds from Desmodium styracifolium of Vietnamese origin. Chem Nat Compd. 46(5):797–798. [Google Scholar]
  2. Govindarajan R, Vijayakumar M, Rao CV, Shirwaikar A, Kumar S, Rawat AKS, Pushpangadan P.. 2007. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of Desmodium gangeticum fractions in Carrageenan-induced inflamed rats. Phytother Res. 21(10):975–979. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hirayama H, Wang Z, Nishi K, Ogawa A, Ishimatu T, Ueda S, Kubo T, Nohara T.. 1993. Effect of Desmodium styracifolium-Triterpenoid on calcium oxalate renal stones. Br J Urol. 71(2):143–147. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hou J, Chen W, Lu H, Zhao H, Gao S, Liu W, Dong X, Guo Z.. 2018. Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Desmodium styracifolium on oxalate crystal-induced kidney injuries using comprehensive approaches based on proteomics and network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol. 9:620. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Jansen R K, Raubeson L A, Boore J L, Depamphilis C W, Chumley T W, Haberle R C, Wyman S K, Alverson A J, Peery R, Herman S J, et al. . 2005. Methods for obtaining and analyzing whole chloroplast genome sequences. Methods in Enzymology. Methods Enzymol. 395:348–384. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)95020-9. 15865976 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Jiao Y, Guo H.. 2014. Prehistory of the angiosperms. Adv Bot Res 69:223–245. [Google Scholar]
  7. Lai S-C, Ho Y-L, Huang S-C, Huang T-H, Lai Z-R, Wu C-R, Lian K-Y, Chang Y-S.. 2010. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Am J Chin Med. 38(2):329–342. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Li W, Sun YN, Yan XT, Yang SY, Kim S, Chae D, Hyun JW, Kang HK, Koh Y-S, Kim YH.. 2014. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds from Desmodium caudatum leaves and stems. Arch Pharm Res. 37(6):721–727. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Sahu SK, Thangaraj M, Kathiresan K.. 2012. DNA extraction protocol for plants with high levels of secondary metabolites and polysaccharides without using liquid nitrogen and phenol. ISRN Mol Biol. 2012:205049. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Wang X, Zhou T, Bai G, Zhao Y.. 2018. Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Fagopyrum dibotrys: genome features, comparative analysis and phylogenetic relationships. Sci Rep. 8(1):1–12. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Wolf P G, Roper J M, Duffy A M.. 2010. The evolution of chloroplast genome structure in ferns. Genome. 53(9):731–738. doi: 10.1139/G10-061. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Zhou J, Jin J, Li X, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Wang Q, Li J, Zhang Q, Xiang S.. 2018. Total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium attenuates the formation of hydroxy-l-proline-induced calcium oxalate Urolithiasis in rats. Urolithiasis. 46(3):231–241. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank of NCBI at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, reference number MN913536.

Articles from Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES