Table 9.
Detailed analysis of clinical studies on the management of primary knee osteoarthritis with stem cells (summarized in Table S1) that were identified during an evidence-based, systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines [198] performed on 7 August 2021. The categories of studies (I to VI) are explained in Table 6 and the types of study (a to f) in Table 7.
| Category | Type of Study | ADRCs | ADSCs | MFF | CLL | BMA | BMAC | BM-MSCs | Cs/CPs | CSCs | MACI | S-MSCs | Ch-TGFβ | hUC-MSCs | hUCB-MSCs | P-MSCs | pBSCs | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | a | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||
| b | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| c | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| d | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| II | a | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||
| b | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| c | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| d | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| III | a | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| b | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
| c | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 9 | |||||||||||||
| d | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| IV | a | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 13 | ||||||||||
| b | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| c | 5 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| d | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| V | e | 20 | 3 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 74 | |||||
| f | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| VI | a | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 11 | |||||||||
| b | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| c | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
| d | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| e | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 | |||||||
| f | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| NpkOA | 1568 | 346 | 1489 | 20 | 3 | 2588 | 385 | 8 | 128 | 75 | 186 | 10 | 54 | 6860 | ||||
| NCL | 40 | 22 | 317 | 83 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 18 | * | 166 | 129 | 818 |
General abbreviations: NpkOA, number of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis treated in these studies; NCL, number of patients with chondral lesions treated in these studies; and *, number of patients not provided. Abbreviations of cell types: ADRCs, adipose-derived regenerative cells; ADSCs, adipose-derived stem cells (obtained by culturing ADRCs); MFF, micro-fragmented fat (from liposuction); CLL; centrifuged liposuction liquid; BMA, bone marrow aspirate; BMAC, bone marrow aspirate concentrate; BM-MSCs, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; Cs, chondrocytes; CPs, chondrocyte precursors; CSCs, cartilage stem cells; MACI; matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implant; S-MSCs, matrix-induced MSCs from synovia; hUC-MSCs, human umbilical cord-derived MSCs; hUCB-MSCs, human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs; P-MSCs, placental MSCs; and pBSCs, activated peripheral blood stem cells.