Figure 3.

Acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination sites in E2 conjugating enzymes. Residues observed to be acetylated or ubiquitinated (blue), phosphorylated (red), or only ubiquitinated (pale blue) in the UBE2D family (UBE2D1-UBE2D4) are indicated using the structure of UBE2D3 (PDB 5EGG) as a template [118]. Not all sites are found in all family members. The catalytic cysteine (C85) is shown in yellow and the HPN motif is shown in orange sticks. Helices and discussed loops are labelled in italics. Regions along helix α1 and the L4, L7 loops where UBA1 and E3 enzymes interact are indicated.