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Effect of systemic antibiotics on intestinal permeability and ileal cytokine expression. (A) Serum FITC concentration in control, ATB, Bac, and AT + Bac pups; * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001. (B–F) Ileal cytokine expression from pups in the four groups; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Values denote mean ± SEM (n ≥ 10). ATB: antibiotics; Bac: bacteria; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; GRO: growth-regulated oncogene.
