Figure 1. The timing of early colonization routes.

Extinct, ancestral taxa are designated as A# and enclosed within rounded rectangles. Arrows originating from a rectangle represent the divergence of an ancestor (A) and its subsequent radiation within the same region and/or colonization of a different region. Arrows originating from a common base represent a single divergence event and the formation of sister lineages. Arrows not sharing a common base (e.g. those originating in A7) represent independent divergence events at different periods in time within that region (e.g. Sundaland). Numbers at the base of all arrows are approximate mean divergence times in millions of years. Base Map created using simplemappr.net. Photo by L. Lee Grismer.