Table 3.
Association between maternal homocysteine and fetal growth from the second trimester fetal anomaly scan in the included population (n = 1060), natural pregnancies (n = 555), and IVF/ICSI pregnancies (n = 505).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPD | ||||
| Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | |
| Included population n = 966 | −0.002 (−0.099, 0.095) | 0.966 | 0.009 (−0.092, 0.111) | 0.855 |
| Natural pregnancies n = 519 | 0.025 (0.704, −0.104) | 0.704 | 0.042 (−0.100, 0.183) | 0.563 |
| IVF/ICSI pregnancies n = 447 | −0.007 (−0.154, 0.140) | 0.925 | −0.004 (−0.149, 0.141) | 0.955 |
| HC | ||||
| Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | |
| Included population n = 982 | −0.067 (−0.327, 0.193) | 0.613 | −0.035 (−0.304, 0.234) | 0.801 |
| Natural pregnancies n = 525 | −0.027 (−0.385, 0.330) | 0.881 | 0.003 (−0.381, 0.386) | 0.989 |
| IVF/ICSI pregnancies n = 457 | 0.009 (−0.351, 0.369) | 0.961 | 0.054 (−0.297, 0.406) | 0.762 |
| TCD | ||||
| Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | |
| Included population n = 972 | −0.025 (−0.058, 0.008) | 0.137 | −0.023 (−0.057, 0.012) | 0.198 |
| Natural pregnancies n = 519 | −0.044 (−0.087, 0.000) | 0.051 | −0.040 (−0.088, 0.008) | 0.100 |
| IVF/ICSI pregnancies n = 453 | 0.027 (−0.020, 0.074) | 0.256 | 0.020 (−0.027, 0.067 | 0.409 |
| AC | ||||
| Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | |
| Included population n = 980 | 0.011 (−0.276, 0.297) | 0.942 | 0.053 (−0.250, 0.357) | 0.731 |
| Natural pregnancies n = 524 | 0.136 (−0.240, 0.511) | 0.478 | 0.149 (−0.262, 0.561 | 0.477 |
| IVF/ICSI pregnancies n = 456 | −0.002 (−0.462, 0.423) | 0.994 | 0.048 (−0.386, 0.481) | 0.829 |
| FL | ||||
| Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | Beta (95% CI) mm | p-value | |
| Included population n = 980 | −0.041 (−0.110, 0.027) | 0.235 | −0.036 (−0.112, 0.019) | 0.345 |
| Natural pregnancies n = 525 | −0.030 (−0.121, 0.061) | 0.521 | −0.018 (−0.121, 0.085) | 0.729 |
| IVF/ICSI pregnancies n = 455 | −0.018 (−0.119, 0.082) | 0.722 | −0.031 (−0.139, 0.077) | 0.569 |
| EFW | ||||
| Beta (95% CI) g | p-value | Beta (95% CI) g | p-value | |
| Included population n = 835 | −0.845 (−2.356, 0.665) | 0.272 | −0.614 (−2.249, 1.021) | 0.461 |
| Natural pregnancies n = 450 | −0.160 (−2.204, 1.883) | 0.878 | 0.099 (−2.215, 2.414) | 0.933 |
| IVF/ICSI pregnancies n = 385 | −0.666 (−2.715, 1.384) | 0.524 | −0.665 (−2.767, 1.455) | 0.541 |
AC = abdominal circumference, BPD = biparietal diameter, EFW = estimated fetal weight, FL = femur length, HC = head circumference, TCD = transcerebellar diameter. Fetal measurements were performed at a mean 20 weeks of gestation. Model 1: adjusted for GA, Model 2: adjusted for GA, conception mode (included population only), parity, smoking, folic acid supplement use, alcohol, BMI, age, and fetal sex.