. 2022 Mar 14;10(3):611. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611

Table 2.

Epidemiology of pAmpC-BLs in Europe (2010–2020).

Author (Reference)	Year of Population Study	Year of Publication	Country of Target Population	Population (H/C) ^a	Specific Conditions	n	AmpC (%) ^b		Global ^c	Genetic Identification	Most Frequent AmpC Enzymes
Author (Reference)	Year of Population Study	Year of Publication	Country of Target Population	Population (H/C) ^a	Specific Conditions	n	E. coli	K.pneumoniae	Global ^c	Genetic Identification	Most Frequent AmpC Enzymes
Jørgensen et al. [31]	2006	2010	Denmark	H	ECI	74	0.06	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Courpon-Claudinon et al. [35]	2005	2010	France	H	3GCR	1051	0.46	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Illiaquer et al. [42]	2007–2009	2012	France	H	KPI	1505	-	0.50	-	PCR/WGS	DHA-1
Voets et al. [33]	2009	2012	Holland	C	ESBL	636	3.93	0.47	5.03	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Miró et al. [43]	2009	2013	Spain	H	EI	100,132	0.69	1.02	0.64	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Seiffert et al. [41]	2011	2013	Switzerland	H/C	ECI	611	12.50	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Gude et al. [44]	2008–2010	2013	Spain	H	EI	-	-	-	0.56	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Galán-Sánchez et al. [45]	2011–2012	2014	Spain	H/C	ECI	-	0.78	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Reuland et al. [30]	2007	2014	Holland	H	3GCR	503	-	-	2.60	PCR	CMY-2
Jones-Dias et al. [46]	2004–2008	2014	Portugal	H	3GCR	124	-	-	0.80	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Reuland et al. [47]	2011	2015	Holland	C	EI	550	1.30	-	-	PCR	CMY-2
Ibrahimagić et al. [48]	2009–2010	2015	Bosnia and Herzegovina	H/C	ESBL	85	-	-	8.23	PCR	CMY-2
Alonso et al. [49]	2010–2011	2016	Spain	H/C	ECI	21,563	1.10	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Li et al. [40]	2011–2012	2015	Ireland	H	3GCR	95	19	-	-	PCR/WGS	CIT group
Pascual et al. [50]	2010–2011	2016	Spain	H/C	3GCR	841	2.02	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Zhou et al. [36]	2012–2013	2017	Holland/Germany	H/C	EI	1087	0.73	-	-	PCR/WGS	CMY-2
Gómara et al. [34]	2013–2014	2018	Spain	H	CR	63	-	-	14.2	PCR	CIT group
Den Drijver et al. [38]	2013–2016	2018	Holland	H	EI	2126	2.40	-	-	PCR	CMY-2
Ribeiro et al. [37]	2010–2016	2019	Portugal	H	3GCR	1246	1.28	1.04	2.60	PCR/WGS	DHA-1
Findlay et al. [39]	2017–2018	2020	England	C	3GCR	225	7.55	-	-	PCR/WGS	DHA-1
Rohde et al. [51]	2014–2015	2020	Germany	C	3GCR	828	-	-	11.90	PCR/WGS	CMY-2

^a Type of population studied: Hospital (H)/Community (C). ^b Percentage positivity for AmpC among all isolates evaluated in the study. ^c Percentage global positivity that includes species other than E. coli and K. pneumoniae and/or does not differentiate between cAmpC-BL and pAmpC-BL. PCR: polymerase chain reaction; WGS: whole genome sequencing; ECI: E. coli isolates; 3GCR: third-generation cephalosporin-resistant; EI: Enterobacteriaceae isolates; KPI: K. pneumoniae isolates; ESBL: extended spectrum beta-lactamase; CR: carbapenemase resistant.