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. 2022 Feb 14;10(2):446. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10020446

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A depiction of the open field test and the light and dark test (NT [normal type]: control group, VD [vascular dementia]: BCAS [bilateral carotid artery stenosis] model group). (A) Smart 3.0 analysis program data (left: NT, right: VD). (B) Differences in the distance moved between the peripheral zone (NT, 3192.1 cm; VD, 3050.2 cm) and the central zone (NT, 483 cm; VD, 521.8 cm) (C) Differences between groups in the total distance moved in the open field test. (D) Differences between groups in the number of transitions in the light/dark transition test, * p < 0.05. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD).