Figure 2.

STING agonist cGAMP induced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (a) AsPC-1 cells were stimulated with 4 μg/mL cGAMP for the indicated time points, and the expression of p-IRF3, total IRF3 and GAPDH was measured by western blotting. (b) Capan-2 cells were stimulated with 4 μg/mL cGAMP for the indicated time points, and the expression of p-IRF3, total IRF3 and GAPDH was measured by western blotting. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments. (c) AsPC-1 cells were stimulated with cGAMP at indicated dosage for 24 h, and mRNA expression of IFN-β was detected by RT-PCR. (d) The protein expression of IFN-β in the supernatant of AsPC-1 cells was measured by ELISA. (e) Capan-2 cells were stimulated with cGAMP at the indicated dosage for 24 h, and mRNA expression of IFN-β was detected by RT-PCR. (f) The protein expression of IFN-β in the supernatant of Capan-2 cells was measured by ELISA. (g) AsPC-1 and Capan-2 cells were stimulated with cGAMP at indicated dosages for 24 h, cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. (h) Apoptosis of AsPC-1 and Capan-2 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining assays. (i) AsPC-1 cells were stimulated with cGAMP for 24 h at the indicated dose, and the amount of Bcl2, Bax and GAPDH was measured by western blotting. (j) Capan-2 cells were stimulated with cGAMP for 24 h at the indicated dose, and the level of Bcl2, Bax, and GAPDH was evaluated by western blotting, the data shown are representative of three independent experiments. Data are shown as means ± SEM, statistical significance was determined as ns: not significant, ***p < .001, **p < .01 and *p < .05.