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. 2022 Mar 3;145(14):1084–1101. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056286

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© 2022 The Authors.

Circulation is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 5. — Divergent nonpathologic mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy causes generalized oxidative damage to cardiac mitochondrial proteins. A and B, Quantification of peptides containing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that were significantly more abundant (+) or less abundant (–) in the indicated tissues of (A) BL/6^NZB mice (n=3) or (B) BL/6^C57-NZB mice (n=4) relative to BL/6^C57 mice (n=3). C, Frequency of modified amino acid and type of oxidative alteration in proteins of the indicated respiratory complexes. Red intensity is proportional to PTM abundance; white represents undetected PTM. D, Representative dihydroethidium staining (top) and derived reactive oxygen species quantification (bottom) in heart slices of 20-week-old mice of the indicated genotype. Each dot in the chart represents a different tissue slide. ***P<0.001 (1-way analysis of variance test for linear trend; n=4 per strain). E and F, Inventory of proteins harboring PTMs grouped by function in (E) heart and (F) liver (12-week-old homoplasmic mice, n=3; 12-week-old heteroplasmic mice, n=4). Red text indicates mitochondrial localization. G, Aco2 (aconitase 2) peptides with the indicated PTMs and quantitative changes observed between BL/6^C57 homoplasmic and BL/6^C57-NZB heteroplasmic heart and liver tissues. Color is graded according to the log2 transformation of the ratio between the sample and the internal standard peptide level intensities (Zp). Gray indicates that the PTM was not detected. H, Protein models showing subunits of the indicated respiratory complexes. PTMs on amino acids with predicted functional relevance (exposed residues with a conservation score = 8 or 9) are highlighted in red. PTMs on structural residues (buried residues with a conservation score = 9) are highlighted in blue. Modified residues close to a functional residue are shown in white. The graphs show the standardized log2 ratios of the indicated complex proteins (Zq) or the standardized, protein-corrected log2 ratios of peptides (Zpq) in heart and liver between the BL/6^C57 homoplastic and BL/6^C57-NZB heteroplasmic mice. Colored dots indicate proteins exposed to the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane (red) or to the intermembrane space (green) harboring PTMs. 2HFK indicates Trp to 2-hydroxy formyl kynurenine; 2ox, dioxidation; 3ox, trioxidation; DeA, deamidation; Kyn, Trp to kynurenine; meth, methylation; OH, Trp to hydroxytryptophan; Ox, oxidation; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; and phos, phosphorylation.