Table 5.
Risk factors associated with dissatisfied outcomes at short-term follow-up by multivariate logistic regression analysis
| Factor | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariate modeling for dissatisfied functional improvement | ||||
| Age | 1.05 | 1.01–1.09 | 0.026** | |
| Symptom duration ≥ 12 months | 1.42 | 0.60–3.39 | 0.425 | |
| Absence of positive nerve root tension test | 1.11 | 0.46–2.68 | 0.822 | |
| Location of disc herniation (paramedian vs. median & far-lateral) | 1.20 | 0.54–2.70 | 0.652 | |
| Type of disc herniation (extrusion vs. bulge & protrusion) | 1.11 | 0.50–2.49 | 0.802 | |
| Proximal ASD | 1.57 | 0.72–3.46 | 0.259 | |
| Lateral recess stenosis | 15.54 | 1.05–333.33 | 0.046** | |
| Preoperative ODI score | 0.96 | 0.93–0.99 | 0.027** | |
| Preoperative SF-36 PF score | 1.00 | 0.97–1.03 | 0.925 | |
| Preoperative SF-36 BP score | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.775 | |
| Preoperative EQ-5D score | 10.00 | 0.68–142.85 | 0.093 | |
| Preoperative VAS-leg score | 0.97 | 0.76–1.24 | 0.814 | |
| Multivariate modeling for dissatisfied relief of back pain | ||||
| Symptom duration ≥ 12 months | 2.08 | 0.83–5.21 | 0.117 | |
| Dominant back pain | 1.09 | 0.37–3.24 | 0.878 | |
| Absence of decreased sensation | 1.97 | 0.67–5.77 | 0.217 | |
| Absence of myotomal weakness | 2.57 | 0.71–9.34 | 0.150 | |
| Preoperative VAS-back score | 1.25 | 1.00–1.57 | 0.048** | |
| Multivariate modeling for dissatisfied relief of leg pain | ||||
| BMI | 1.06 | 0.92–1.22 | 0.393 | |
| Dominant back pain | 1.36 | 0.43–4.29 | 0.600 | |
| Absence of positive nerve root tension test | 2.04 | 0.74–5.63 | 0.168 | |
| Absence of decreased sensation | 5.13 | 1.31–20.1 | 0.019** | |
| Absence of myotomal weakness | 2.35 | 0.59–9.27 | 0.224 | |
| Location of disc herniation (far-lateral vs. median & paramedian) | 6.06 | 1.78–20.6 | 0.004** | |
| Preoperative SF-36 PF score | 1.01 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.635 | |
| Preoperative SF-36 BP score | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.213 | |
| Preoperative VAS-back score | 1.21 | 0.93–1.58 | 0.156 | |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASD, adjacent segment degeneration; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; SF-36 PF; 36-item Short Form Health Survey physical function; SF-36 BP, 36-item Short Form Health Survey bodily pain; EQ-5D, European quality of life-5 dimensions; VAS, visual analogue scale; BMI, body mass index.
**
p<0.05.