Table 1.

Clinical studies of flow mediated dilation (FMD) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Authors	Study Design	Participants	Methods	Findings
Medina et al., 2010 [18]	Cross Sectional	N = 30 (30 men)	Correlate FMD with AAA diameter at a static point in time	Negative correlation between AAA diameter and FMD (R = −0.78 p < 0.001) FMD significantly differed across AAA diameter quartiles (p < 0.001)
Sung et al., 2013 [23]	Cross Sectional	N = 78 (15 healthy controls [100% men], 27 small AAA [93% men], 36 large AAA [89% men])	Evaluate FMD in patients with normal aortic diameter (M < 3.5 cm, W < 3 cm), small aneurysm (M 3.5–5.5 cm, W 3–5 cm), large aneurysm (M > 5.5 cm, W > 5 cm)	FMD was significantly lower in large (5.26 ± 3.11%) and small (6.31 ± 3.66%) AAA patients compared to controls (8.88 ± 4.83%, p = 0.008)
Lee et al., 2017 [19]	Prospective Cohort	N = 162 (147 men, 15 women)	Measure AAA diameter and FMD over time	Negative correlation between AAA diameter and FMD (R = −0.28, p < 0.001) FMD inversely correlated with AAA diameter progression (R = −0.35, p = 0.001) FMD deteriorates over AAA surveillance (median 2% at baseline to 1.2% at follow up; p = 0.004) Surgical repair of AAA leads to improved FMD (1.1% pre-op to 3.8% post op, p < 0.001)
Bailey et al., 2018 [20]	Prospective Cohort	N = 44 (22 AAA patients, 22 healthy adults, 100% men)	Measure FMD in AAA patients and healthy controls at baseline and after exercise	Baseline brachial FMD was 1.10% lower (95% CI 0.72–0.81) in AAA patients compared to healthy controls

Flow mediated dilation (FMD); Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA); M (men); W (women).