Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with MRSA BSI with and without nasal colonization
| Factor | Colonized N = 37 (%) |
Not colonized N = 16 (%) |
Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) |
p value | Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 27 (73) | 7 (44) | 3.47 (1.02–11.82) | 0.05 | 5.06 (1.64–22.01) | 0.03 |
| Female | 10 (27) | 9 (56) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-hispanic white | 13 (35) | 7 (44) | Reference | |||
| Non-hispanic black | 11 (30) | 4 (25) | 1.48 (0.34–6.43) | 0.60 | ||
| Hispanic/latino | 11 (30) | 5 (31) | 1.19 (0.29–4.81) | 0.81 | ||
| Asian | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | – | – | ||
| Other/not reported | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | – | – | ||
| Age at time of infection | ||||||
| 18–54 years | 12 (32) | 2 (13) | Reference | |||
| 55–69 years | 16 (43) | 6 (38) | 0.44 (0.08–2.60) | 0.37 | ||
| ≥ 70 years | 9 (24) | 8 (50) | 0.19 (0.03–1.11) | 0.06 | ||
| History of IV drug use | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (5) | 1 (6) | 0.86 (0.07–10.19) | 0.90 | ||
| No | 35 (95) | 15 (94) | Reference | |||
| HIV diagnosis | ||||||
| Yes | 6 (16) | 0 (0) | – | – | ||
| No | 31 (84) | 16 (100) | – | – | ||
| Admission source | ||||||
| Home | 22 (59) | 13 (81) | Reference | |||
| NH/Rehab/LTACH | 10 (27) | 2 (13) | 2.96 (0.56–15.63) | 0.20 | ||
| Other hospital | 5 (14) | 1 (6) | 2.96 (0.31–28.14) | 0.35 | ||
| Prior hospital admission (90 days) | ||||||
| Yes | 26 (70) | 6 (38) | 3.94 (1.15–13.52) | 0.03 | 3.96 (1.01–15.56) | 0.05 |
| No | 11 (30) | 10 (63) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Length of hospital stay prior to BSI | ||||||
| CO-MRSA | 20 (54) | 10 (63) | Reference | |||
| HO-MRSA | 17 (46) | 6 (38) | 1.42 (0.43–4.71) | 0.57 | ||
| Clonal complex | ||||||
| CC8 | 13 (35) | 9 (56) | Reference | |||
| CC5 | 19 (51) | 5 (31) | 2.63 (0.72–9.66) | 0.15 | ||
| Other | 5 (14) | 2 (13) | 1.73 (0.27–10.97) | 0.56 | ||
| Frequent healthcare interaction | ||||||
| Hemodialysis | 12 (32) | 1 (6) | 8.00 (0.92–69.84) | 0.06 | ||
| Infusion Center | 7 (19) | 3 (19) | 1.56 (0.33–7.24) | 0.57 | ||
| None | 18 (49) | 12 (75) | Reference | |||
| Presence of invasive device | ||||||
| Yes | 30 (81) | 10 (63) | 2.57 (0.70–9.48) | 0.16 | ||
| No | 7 (19) | 6 (38) | Reference | |||
| Invasive procedures | ||||||
| Yes | 13 (35) | 4 (25) | 1.63 (0.44–6.07) | 0.47 | ||
| No | 24 (65) | 12 (75) | Reference | |||
| Wound present | ||||||
| Yes | 21 (57) | 6 (38) | 2.19 (0.66–7.29) | 0.20 | ||
| No | 16 (43) | 10 (63) | Reference | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | ||||||
| 0–3 | 4 (11) | 5 (31) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4–5 | 12 (32) | 4 (25) | 3.75 (0.66–21.25) | 0.14 | 7.44 (0.95–58.45) | 0.06 |
| 6–8 | 15 (41) | 4 (25) | 4.69 (0.84–26.08) | 0.08 | 7.84 (1.03–59.84) | 0.05 |
| > 8 | 6 (16) | 3 (19) | 2.50 (0.37–16.89) | 0.35 | 3.68 (0.44–30.88) | 0.23 |
| History of transplant | ||||||
| Yes | 6 (16) | 1 (6) | 2.90 (0.32–26.33) | 0.34 | ||
| No | 31 (84) | 15 (94) | Reference | |||
| History of MRSA colonization | ||||||
| Yes | 14 (38) | 2 (13) | 4.26 (0.84–21.60) | 0.08 | ||
| No | 23 (62) | 14 (88) | Reference | |||
| Presumed source of MRSA BSI | ||||||
| Peripheral IV | 5 (14) | 2 (13) | 1.09 (0.19–6.33) | 0.92 | ||
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 7 (19) | 4 (25) | 0.70 (0.17–2.84) | 0.62 | ||
| Pneumonia | 3 (8) | 1 (6) | 1.32 (0.13–13.78) | 0.81 | ||
| Diabetic foot infection | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | – | – | ||
| Vascular access | 11 (30) | 3 (19) | 1.83 (0.43–7.74) | 0.41 | ||
| Sacral wound | 2 (5) | 2 (13) | 0.40 (0.05–3.13) | 0.38 | ||
| Other/unknown | 8 (22) | 4 (25) | 0.83 (0.21–3.28) | 0.79 |
See Table 1 for definitions
Bold = significant at ≤ 0.05
IV intravenous, NH nursing home, Rehab rehabilitation facility, LTACH long-term acute care hospital, CO community-onset, HO hospital-onset, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, BSI bloodstream infection, HIV human immunodeficiency virus