Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Study Population at Recruitment
| Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 RNA–negative | Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 RNA–positive | Overall | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 14 | 32 | 46 | |
| Sex (%) | .36 | |||
| Female | 8/14 (57.1) | 12/32 (37.5) | 20/46 (43.5) | |
| Male | 6/14 (42.9) | 20/32 (62.5) | 26/46 (56.5) | |
| Disease (%) | .52 | |||
| Crohn’s disease | 9/14 (64.3) | 22/32 (68.8) | 31/46 (67.4) | |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5/14 (35.7) | 8/32 (25.0) | 13/46 (28.3) | |
| IBD unclassified | 0/14 (0.0) | 2/32 (6.2) | 2/46 (4.3) | |
| Metrics | ||||
| Age (y) | 45.28 (40.93, 54.48) | 44.67 (25.45, 50.58) | 44.67 (28.11, 51.95) | .21 |
| Age at IBD diagnosis (y) | 11.05 (6.84, 14.28) | 8.60 (4.99, 20.84) | 9.92 (5.30, 17.38) | .75 |
| Duration of IBD (y) | 35.51 (28.21, 43.57) | 24.96 (17.80, 37.00) | 28.60 (18.49, 40.60) | .02 |
| IBD severity (%)a | .13 | |||
| Remission | 7/14 (50.0) | 20/32 (62.5) | 27/46 (58.7) | |
| Mild | 4/14 (28.6) | 11/32 (34.4) | 15/46 (32.6) | |
| Moderate | 3/14 (21.4) | 1/32 (3.1) | 4/46 (8.7) | |
| Severe | 0/14 (0.0) | 0/32 (0.0) | 0/46 (0.0) | |
| Crohn’s disease: age at diagnosis (Montreal A) (%)b | .17 | |||
| <16 y (A1) | 0/9 (0.0) | 6/22 (27.3) | 6/31 (19.4) | |
| 17-40 y (A2) | 7/9 (77.8) | 14/22 (63.6) | 21/31 (67.7) | |
| >40 y (A3) | 2/9 (22.2) | 2/22 (9.1) | 4/31 (12.9) | |
| Crohn’s disease: behaviour (Montreal B) (%)b | .37 | |||
| Nonconstricting & nonpenetrating (B1) | 6/9 (66.7) | 13/22 (59.1) | 19/31 (61.3) | |
| Stricturing (B2) | 1/9 (11.1) | 7/22 (31.8) | 8/31 (25.8) | |
| Penetrating (B3) | 2/9 (22.2) | 2/22 (9.1) | 4/31 (12.9) | |
| Crohn’s disease: disease location (Montreal L) (%)b | .25 | |||
| Ileum (L1) | 1/9 (11.1) | 6/22 (30.0) | 7/31 (22.6) | |
| Colon (L2) | 2/9 (22.2) | 1/22 (5.0) | 3/31 (9.7) | |
| Ileum + colon (L3) | 6/9 (66.7) | 15/22 (68.2) | 21/31 (67.7) | |
| Upper GI (L4) | 0/9 (0.0) | 0/15 (0.0) | 0/31 (0.0) | |
| Ulcerative colitis: age at diagnosis (Montreal A) (%)b | .46 | |||
| <16 y (A1) | 0/5 (0.0) | 1/8 (14.3) | 1/13 (7.7) | |
| 17-40 y (A2) | 3/5 (60.0) | 5/8 (71.4) | 8/13 (61.5) | |
| > 40 y (A3) | 2/5 (40.0) | 1/8 (14.3) | 3/13 (23.1) | |
| Ulcerative colitis: disease extent (Montreal E) (%)b | .50 | |||
| Proctitis (E1) | 0/5 (0.0) | 0/8 (0.0) | 0/13 (0.0) | |
| Left-sided colitis (E2) | 2/5 (40.0) | 6/8 (75.0) | 8/13 (61.5) | |
| Pancolitis (E3) | 3/5 (60.0) | 2/8 (25.0) | 5/13 (38.5) | |
| Risk factors and other diseases | ||||
| BMI | 26.20 (21.80, 31.80) | 24.50 (22.25, 26.80) | 24.95 (22.20, 28.10) | .31 |
| Smoker (%) | 3/14 (21.4) | 8/32 (25.0) | 11/46 (23.9) | .99 |
| Abnormality in chest x-ray (%) | 4/14 (33.3) | 7/32 (24.1) | 11/46 (26.8) | .83 |
| Heart disease (%) | 0/14 (0.0) | 2/32 (6.2) | 2/46 (4.3) | .86 |
| Diabetes (%) | 1/14 (7.1) | 2/32 (6.2) | 3/46 (6.5) | .99 |
| Lung disease (%) | 1/14 (7.1) | 1/32 (3.1) | 2/46 (4.3) | .99 |
| Kidney disease (%) | 0/14 (0.0) | 0/32 (100.0) | 0/46 (100.0) | NA |
| Medication (%) | ||||
| Steroid use in last year | 1/14 (7.1) | 1/32 (3.1) | 2/46 (4.3) | .99 |
| Anti-TNF at endoscopy | 2/14 (14.3) | 12/32 (37.5) | 14/46 (30.4) | .22 |
| Ustekinumab at endoscopy | 1/14 (7.1) | 1/32 (3.1) | 2/46 (4.3) | .99 |
| Vedolizumab at endoscopy | 1/14 (7.1) | 2/32 (6.2) | 3/46 (6.5) | .99 |
| Azathioprine at endoscopy | 0/14 (0.0) | 4/32 (12.5) | 4/46 (8.7) | .41 |
| JAK-inhibitor at endoscopy | 1/14 (7.1) | 0/32 (0.0) | 1/46 (2.2) | .67 |
| 5-ASA at endoscopy | 4/14 (28.6) | 5/32 (15.6) | 9/46 (19.6) | .53 |
| Study medication at endoscopy | 2/14 (14.3) | 0/32 (0.0) | 2/46 (4.3) | .03 |
| Medication history (%) | ||||
| History of anti-TNF | 6/14 (42.9) | 5/32 (15.6) | 11/46 (23.9) | .11 |
| History of Vedolizumab | 3/14 (21.4) | 1/32 (3.1) | 4/46 (8.7) | .15 |
| History of Ustekinumab | 2/14 (14.3) | 0/32 (0.0) | 2/46 (4.3) | .16 |
| History of Azathioprine | 6/14 (42.9) | 9/32 (28.1) | 15/46 (32.6) | .53 |
| History of JAK-inhibitor | 1/14 (7.1) | 0/32 (0.0) | 1/46 (2.2) | .67 |
NOTE. Data are reported as number of subjects with percentages in parentheses or as median with interquartile range in parentheses.
5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; BMI, body mass index; JAK, Januskinase; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
a
IBD disease activity was assessed according to the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease and the Mayo Endoscopic Score for ulcerative colitis.
b
Assessment of disease extent, disease location, and disease behavior by using the Montreal classification.31