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. 2022 Apr 21;11(9):1410. doi: 10.3390/cells11091410

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Generation of MSC-derived HLCs and liver organoids from iPSCs or LPCs for transplantation in patients with liver diseases. (A). In vitro (i) culture and (ii) differentiation of MSC into HPLCs. The differentiation process is divided into the induction and maturation phases with the addition of growth factors, molecules or miRs. (iii) The derived HLCs can be used for transplantation. (B). Generation of liver organoids from different cell types. (i) Single cell-type differentiation of LPCs in presence of growth factors and molecules and maturation of iPSCs in presence of several compounds that lead to liver organoid formation. (ii) Multi-cell-type culture of iPSCs with other cell types for liver organoid formation. The 3D co-culture of iPSCs with a variety of cell types enhances the liver organoid formation for transplantation in patients with liver diseases. MSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells; HLCs, hepatocyte-like cells; TSA, trichostatin; EGF, epidermal growth factor; HGF, hepatic growth factor; miR; micro-RNAs; DEX; dexamethasone; OSM, oncostatin M; ITS, insulin-transferin-sodium selenite; LPCs, liver progenitor cells; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; Rspo1, R-spondin 1; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; AECs, amniotic epithelial cells; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ASCs, amniotic stem cells. (Created by Biorender.com, 30 March 2022).