LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Kokkotis et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16717 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16904
Dear Editors,
We read with great interest the article “Systematic review with meta‐analysis: COVID‐19 outcomes in patients receiving anti‐TNF treatments” by Kokkotis et al. 1 The authors conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate COVID‐19 outcomes in patients receiving anti‐TNF treatments. While acknowledging these results, we would also like to highlight several methodological issues and provide our perspective.
First, was the systematic review registered before being conducted, as no registration information was provided? Registration of systematic reviews is important to improve transparency and avoid potential bias, including selection bias and selective reporting bias, and to confirm the reproducibility of the study. 2
Second, the search strategy should be more comprehensive. The authors only searched PubMed and SCOPUS, and we suggest that additional databases such as Embase, Web of Science, or The Cochrane Library could be used to search for additional literature, which would make the results more convincing. In addition, we were surprised that search keywords used the abbreviation “anti‐TNF” instead of “tumor necrosis factor inhibitors” or the MeSH term. Many relevant articles will have been missed.
Third, the authors only used funnel plots to detect publication bias. However, the funnel plot is not a quantitative analysis and its interpretation is not precise. We suggest using Egger’s regression test 3 or the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test 4 to detect publication bias.
Fourth, there are residual confounders that should be considered, such as different diseases and different types of drugs. We suggest that the authors perform subgroup analysis for disease type and drug type (monoclonal antibodies or receptor antagonists). In addition, many of the studies were conducted during the peak of the epidemic in 2020, which may have resulted in the underestimation of hospitalizations due to the shortage of medical resources. 5 Moreover, some patients may not have been able to access healthcare.
We respectfully thank Kokkotis et al. for providing us with a valuable meta‐analysis. Nevertheless, the authors should adopt a more comprehensive search strategy and appropriate methodology to avoid inaccurate results.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Declaration of personal interest: None.
Declaration of funding interest: None.
Cheng‐Hsien Hung and Tsung‐Yuan Yang contributed equally.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
REFERENCES
- 1. Kokkotis G, Kitsou K, Xynogalas I, Spoulou V, Magiorkinis G, Trontzas I, et al. Systematic review with meta‐analysis: COVID‐19 outcomes in patients receiving anti‐TNF treatments. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(2):154–67. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. 10.1136/bmj.n71 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta‐analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629–34. 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4. Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50(4):1088–101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5. Wahlster S, Sharma M, Lewis AK, Patel PV, Hartog CS, Jannotta G, et al. The coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic’s effect on critical care resources and health‐care providers: a global survey. Chest. 2021;159(2):619–33. 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.070 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.