Table 1.
Patient characteristics at cohort entry and by Pseudomonas aeruginosa event in 21 408 patients with COPD
| All patients | P. aeruginosa-positive patients | P. aeruginosa-negative patients | P value* | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† | |
| No of subjects | 21 408 (100) | 763 (3.6) | 20 645 (96.4) | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 69 (62–76) | 70 (64–76) | 69 (62–76) | 0.0007 | 1.08 (1.08 to 1.09) |
| Male | 9619 (44.9) | 346 (45.4) | 9273 (44.9) | 0.8241 | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.34) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25 (21–29) | 23(20-27) | 25 (21–29) | <0.0001 | |
| Unknown BMI | 4527 (21.1) | 130 (17.0) | 4397 (21.3) | ||
| BMI class: | |||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 1681 (7.9) | 95 (12.5) | 1586 (7.7) | <0.0001 | 0.81 (0.78 to 0.84) |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 6398 (29.9) | 268 (35.1) | 6130 (29.7) | ||
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 5018 (23.4) | 180 (23.6) | 4838 (23.4) | ||
| 30–34.9 kg/m2 | 2457 (11.5) | 61 (8.0) | 2396 (11.6) | ||
| ≥35 kg/m2 | 5854 (27.3) | 159 (20.8) | 5695 (27.6) | ||
| Pulmonary parameters | |||||
| MRC, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–4) | ||
| Unknown MRC | 4823 (21.9) | 173 (19.1) | 4650 (22.0) | <0.0001 | |
| FEV1% predicted, median (IQR) | 49 (36–63) | 39 (30–50) | 49 (36–63) | ||
| Unknown FEV1% | 4293 (20.1) | 126 (16.5) | 4167 (20.2) | <0.0001 | |
| FEV1% predicted, severity of spirometric obstruction: | |||||
| ≥80 | 1108 (5.2) | 15 (2.0) | 1093 (5.3) | <0.0001 | 1.77 (1.69 to 1.86) |
| 50–79 | 7227 (33.8) | 152 (19.9) | 7075 (34.3) | ||
| 30–49 | 6416 (30.0) | 314 (41.1) | 6102 (29.6) | ||
| <30 | 6657 (31.1) | 282 (37.0) | 6375 (30.9) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Active | 6590 (30.8) | 217 (28.4) | 6373 (30.8) | <0.0001 | 1.39 (1.28 to 1.49) |
| Former ≤6 months | 591 (2.8) | 10 (1.3) | 581 (2.8) | ||
| Former >6 months | 9386 (43.8) | 395 (51.8) | 8991 (43.6) | ||
| Never | 576 (2.7) | 17 (2.2) | 559 (2.7) | ||
| Unknown | 4265 (19.9) | 124 (16.3) | 4141 (20.1) | ||
| Hospital-requiring COPD exacerbation 12 months prior to cohort entry | |||||
| 0 | 10 301 (48.1) | 281 (36.8) | 10 020 (48.5) | <0.0001 | |
| 1 | 4082 (19.1) | 134 (17.6) | 3948 (19.1) | ||
| ≥2 | 7025 (32.8) | 348 (45.6) | 6677 (32.3) | ||
| All-cause hospitalisation 12 months prior to cohort entry | 11 840 (55.3) | 459 (60.2) | 11 381 (55.1) | 0.0061 | |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Inflammatory polyarthropathy | 477 (2.2) | 6 (0.79) | 471 (2.3) | 0.0037 | |
| Systemic connective tissue disorder | 497 (2.3) | 23 (3.0) | 474 (2.3) | 0.2186 | |
| Myocardial infarction | 1661 (7.8) | 60 (7.9) | 1601 (7.8) | 0.8904 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3106 (14.5) | 104 (13.6) | 3002 (14.5) | 0.5298 | |
| Heart failure | 3511 (16.4) | 119 (15.6) | 3392 (16.4) | 0.5839 | |
| Hypertension | 6670 (31.1) | 228 (29.9) | 6442 (31.2) | 0.4498 | |
| Renal failure | 936 (4.4) | 34 (4.5) | 902 (4.4) | 0.8571 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1706 (8.0) | 58 (7.6) | 1648 (8.0) | 0.7853 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2041 (9.5) | 63 (8.3) | 1978 (9.6) | 0.2334 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, type 2 | 2654 (12.1) | 106 (11.7) | 2548 (12.0) | 0.2334 | |
| Asthma | 3097 (14.5) | 145 (19.0) | 2952 (14.3) | 0.0004 | |
| Bronchiectasis | 209 (0.98) | 14 (1.8) | 195 (0.94) | 0.0223 | |
| Use of medication 12 months prior to cohort entry | |||||
| Oral corticosteroids‡ | |||||
| No use | 13 159 (61.5) | 315 (41.3) | 12 844 (62.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Low dose | 6119 (28.6) | 306 (40.1) | 5813 (28.2) | ||
| High dose | 2130 (10.0) | 142 (18.6) | 1988 (9.6) | ||
| Accumulated dose (mg), median (IQR) | 625 (250–000) | 1000 (500–2500) | 500 (250–2000) | <0.0001 | |
| Respiratory inhalation medicine | |||||
| Long-acting beta2-agonist or long-acting muscarin-antagonist | 13 869 (64.8) | 662 (86.8) | 13 207 (64.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Antibiotics § | 12 324 (57.6) | 598 (78.4) | 11 726 (56.8) | <0.0001 | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.23) |
| Theophylline | 691 (3.2) | 55 (7.2) | 636 (3.1) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (IQR), unless otherwise specified.
*Group comparison was performed using non-parametric test (Wilcoxon two-sample test) and Fisher’s exact test.
†The model is adjusted for all variables displayed in this column, calendar year and the accumulated ICS dose 365 days prior to cohort entry.
‡Low dose: accumulated dose <1825 mg; high dose: accumulated dose ≥1825 mg.
§Any antibiotic drug.
BMI, body mass index; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; MRC, Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale.