Table 3.
Positivity rate of various kinds of in vivo and in vitro tests for hypersensitivity of ICM.
| Category | Test | Percentage [References] |
|---|---|---|
| IHR | Sensitivity of skin test | 4.2 to 73% (correlate with the severity of the phenotype) [42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49] |
| Specificity of SPT | 94.6% [47,48] | |
| Specificity of IDT | 91.4–96.3% [47,48] | |
| Pooled per-patient positivity rates of skin tests | 17% (95% CI, 10–26%) [46] | |
| Severe IHR-pooled per-patient positivity rates of skin tests | 52% (95% CI, 31–72%) [46] | |
| Negative predictive value of skin test | 93% (95% CI, 86–96%) [46] | |
| Cross-reactivity in skin test | 68% (95% CI, 48–83%) [47,48] | |
| Sensitivity of BAT | 46–63% [40,41,42] | |
| Specificity of BAT | 89–100% [40,41,42] | |
| NIHR | Sensitivity of skin test | 72% [44,50,51] |
| Specificity of skin test | 96% [44,50,51] | |
| Pooled per-patient positivity rates of skin tests | 26% (95% CI, 15–41%) [46] | |
| Pooled per-patient positivity rates of SPT | 7% (95% CI, 1–30%) [46] | |
| Pooled per-patient positivity rates of IDT | 22% (95% CT, 13–34%) [46] | |
| Pooled per-patient positivity rates of patch test | 16% (95% CI, 15–41%) [46] | |
| Cross-reactivity in skin test | 39% (95% CI, 29–50%) [47,48] | |
| Sensitivity of LTT | 13 to 75% [61] | |
| Skin test for alternative ICM | Negative predictive value for IHR | 94.2% (95% CI, 89.6% to 97.2%) [53] |
| Negative predictive value for NIHR | 86.1% (95% CI, 72.1–94.7%) [53] |
Abbreviations: BAT, basophil activation test; ICM, iodinated contrast media; IDT, intradermal test; IHR, immediate hypersensitivity reaction; LTT, lymphocyte transformation test; NIHR, non-immediate hypersensitivity reaction; SPT, skin prick test.