Fig. 5.

Oral ursodiol alleviated ESBL-EAEC-induced colitis in a neonatal mouse model of peritonitis sepsis. a Illustration of the mouse infection model. Oral corn oil and ursodiol before E. coli 1587 infection are indicated. Arrows represent the time-point of infection; circles represent the harvest time. b Daily body weight changes throughout the entire study. Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 12 per group). Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 compared with the placebo group. Survival rate (c) and DAI score kinetics (d) for the entire study. Survival rate was determined using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. e Colonic lengths from each group. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained colonic tissues (f), histological scores of mouse colons harvested at 3 dpi (g; n = 6 per group) and 7 dpi (h; n = 6 per group). i Western blot analysis of the NF-κB pathway activation and cell tight junctions. Relative fold changes of p-IκBα (j) and occludin (k) are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed using unpaired t-tests. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001