Table 1.

Harpagophytum procumbens as an anti-inflammation and pain reliever associated with various diseases.

Name of the Disease	Disease Symptoms or Complications	Part(s) Used	Biological Effects of Devil’s Claw	Compound Constitutes	Reference
Alzheimer’s disease	Loss of memory and cognitive judgment	Dried roots	Anti-Alzheimer effect	Verbascoside derivatives	[98]
		Dried roots	Management of the clinical symptoms related to ad, inflamed tissues	Harpagoside	[99]
		Roots	Anti-inflammatory activity	Phenylethanoid glycoside	[62]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Pain associated with joints, back, or muscles. Joints are tension, swelling, tenderness, or weakness	Harpagoside compound	Anti-inflammatory activity	Harpagoside	[61]
		Roots	Antiarthritic effects, anti-inflammatory activity	Harpagoside	[38]
		Harpagoside compound	Anti-inflammatory activity	Harpagoside	[61]
		Harpagoside compound	Antirheumatic effects, pain reliever, anti-inflammatory activity	Harpagoside,	[100]
		Roots	Anti-inflammatory activity	Harpagoside	[101]
Osteoporosis	Lowered bone pain, height loss and muscle spasms.	Plant material	Anti-osteoporotic activity	Harpagide	[102]
		Plant material	Anti-osteoporotic activity	Harpagoside	[103]
		Harpagoside compound	Anti-inflammatory	Harpagoside	[73]
		Roots	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic	Unidentified	[20]
		Roots	Pain reduction and function	Unidentified	[90]
Diabetes	Injury to the large blood vessels of the heart, brain and legs	Roots	Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties	Harpagoside	[19]
Obesity	Overweight, exhaustion, pot belly, or breathe heavily	Roots	Suppress appetite	Iridoid glycosides	[104]
Psoriasis	Hives, dryness, flakiness, peeling, redness	Roots	Anti-inflammatory	Phenylethanoid glycosides verbascoside	[51]