Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Total Sample n = 55,569 |
Survivors n = 44,034 |
Death n = 11,535 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 49.0 (18.6) | 44.4 (16.5) | 66.4 (15.7) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 26,566 (47.81%) | 20,343 (46.2%) | 6223 (53.95%) |
| Male | 29,003 (52.19%) | 23,691 (53.8%) | 5312 (46.05%) |
| Race | |||
| Hispanic | 14,402 (25.92%) | 12,011 (27.28%) | 2391 (20.73%) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 25,249 (45.44%) | 18,973 (43.09%) | 6276 (54.41%) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 12,658 (22.78%) | 10,090 (22.91%) | 2568 (22.26%) |
| Other race—including multi-racial | 3260 (5.87%) | 2960 (6.72%) | 300 (2.6%) |
| Drinking | |||
| Never | 14,732 (26.51%) | 10,410 (23.64%) | 4322 (37.47%) |
| Low to moderate | 11,607 (20.89%) | 8984 (20.4%) | 2623 (22.74%) |
| Heavy | 29,230 (52.60%) | 24,640 (55.96%) | 4590 (39.79%) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 12,662 (22.79%) | 10,050 (22.82%) | 2612 (22.64%) |
| Former | 13,919 (25.05%) | 9779 (22.21%) | 4140 (35.89%) |
| Current | 28,988 (52.17%) | 24,205 (54.97%) | 4783 (41.47%) |
| Ratio of family income to poverty | |||
| ≤1 | 12,048 (21.68%) | 9353 (21.24%) | 2695 (23.36%) |
| 1–3 | 24,021 (43.23%) | 18,178 (41.28%) | 5843 (50.65%) |
| >3 | 19,500 (35.09%) | 16,503 (37.48%) | 2997 (25.98%) |
| Diabetes | 6469 (11.64%) | 3975 (9.03%) | 2494 (21.62%) |
| Hypertension | 10,078 (18.14%) | 5814 (13.2%) | 4264 (36.97%) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 5705 (10.27%) | 2806 (6.37%) | 2899 (25.13%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1 (6.0) | 28.2 (6.0) | 27.5 (5.7) |
| Leisure-time physical activity, MET | 18.5 (28.3) | 19.2 (29.0) | 15.5 (25.5) |
Data were presented as means (standard deviations) or numbers (percentages). BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent value.