TABLE 1.
Characteristics of pre- and postmenopausal women and age-matched mena in the HCHS/SOL Gut Origins of Latino Diabetes ancillary study
| Parameter | Value(s) for: |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premenopausal women | Postmenopausal women | P valuec | Younger men | Older men | P valuec | |
| N | 295 | 1,027 | 258 | 720 | ||
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 40.1 ± 8.8 | 61.0 ± 7.2 | <0.0001 | 42.7 ± 8.6 | 61.2 ± 7.1 | <0.0001 |
| Alternative healthy eating index 2010, mean ± SD | 46.9 ± 7.1 | 50.5 ± 7.4 | <0.0001 | 49.8 ± 7.1 | 52.4 ± 7.8 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 30.8 ± 7.2 | 30.6 ± 5.7 | 0.68 | 30 ± 5.5 | 28.9 ± 5.3 | 0.001 |
| Field center, % | 0.03 | 0.004 | ||||
| Bronx | 27.5 | 27.6 | 22.9 | 23.9 | ||
| Chicago | 34.9 | 26.9 | 39.1 | 28.9 | ||
| Miami | 14.9 | 20.4 | 14.7 | 23.3 | ||
| San Diego | 22.7 | 25.2 | 23.3 | 23.9 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino background, % | 0.003 | 0.0005 | ||||
| Dominican | 12.5 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 7.4 | ||
| Central or South American | 9.2 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 8.8 | ||
| Cuban | 8.5 | 12.4 | 9.7 | 17.6 | ||
| Mexican | 52.2 | 40.1 | 52.3 | 35.8 | ||
| Puerto Rican | 10.8 | 18.1 | 12.4 | 23.2 | ||
| More than one/Other heritage/Missing | 6.8 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 7.2 | ||
| Born in U.S., % | 26.4 | 8.9 | <0.0001 | 29.5 | 11.1 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker, % | 10.8 | 10.5 | 0.91 | 20.2 | 19.4 | 0.86 |
| Current drinker, % | 63.1 | 43.5 | <0.0001 | 70.5 | 61.4 | 0.01 |
| Antibiotics in last 6 mo, % | 29.2 | 30.3 | 0.77 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 0.86 |
| Current hormonal birth control, % | 18.0 | 0 | NAd | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Income, % | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | ||||
| Less than $30,000 | 53.9 | 65.2 | 40.7 | 55.4 | ||
| $30,000 or more | 43.4 | 28.2 | 56.2 | 42.4 | ||
| Missing | 2.7 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 2.2 | ||
| Education, % | 0.0001 | 0.005 | ||||
| Less than high school | 18.3 | 30.8 | 16.7 | 25.7 | ||
| High school or equivalent | 9.8 | 9.3 | 15.9 | 11.5 | ||
| Greater than high school or equivalent | 71.9 | 60.0 | 67.4 | 62.8 | ||
| Moderate or vigorous physical activity, % | 66.1 | 54.9 | 0.0006 | 79.1 | 68.5 | 0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome,b % | 30.5 | 54.0 | <0.0001 | 36.4 | 46.1 | 0.008 |
| High waist circumference (men ≥ 102 cm, women ≥ 88 cm), % | 72.5 | 83.8 | <0.0001 | 43.8 | 46.2 | 0.51 |
| High fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) or diabetes treatment, % | 53.5 | 79.6 | <0.0001 | 72.1 | 81.2 | <0.0001 |
| High triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), % | 16.9 | 27.8 | 0.0001 | 29.8 | 28.5 | 0.69 |
| Low HDL (men < 40 mg/dL, women < 50 mg/dL), % | 47.5 | 37.7 | 0.003 | 37.2 | 30.1 | 0.04 |
| Hypertension, % | 14.9 | 50.8 | <0.0001 | 23.6 | 55.7 | <0.0001 |
Men were matched to pre- or postmenopausal women using case-control and nearest-neighbor matching as implemented in the CGEN package in R, where sex was the case-control variable, age and BMI were the distance variables, and Hispanic/Latino background and U.S. nativity were the stratum variables.
Metabolic syndrome is defined by having any 3 of the following: waist circumference ≥88 cm for women or ≥102 cm for men; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; HDL <50 mg/dL for women or <40 mg/dL for men; blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg systolic and/or ≥85 mm Hg diastolic; and fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL (or drug treatment specific to any of the former).
P-value from Wilcoxon-rank sum test for continuous variables or Chi-squared test for categorical variables.
NA, not applicable.