Table 4.
Mean values for each item or construct of the questionnaire, sociodemographic level, BMI, and label reading percentages for the participants who did not follow a diet.
| Sex | Age Group (Years) | Education Level | Body Mass Index | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | 18–24 | 25–34 | 35–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | ≥65 | Low | Medium | High | Underweight | Normal Weight | Overweight | Obese | |
| NK | 10.9 | 10.8 | 12.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 8.8 b | 10.5 ab | 11.8 a | 13.0 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 10.9 |
| ATFL | 4.2 b | 4.5 a | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
| NR.1 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.6 ab | 4.1 ab | 4.0 b | 4.1 ab | 4.0 ab | 5.0 a | 4.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 |
| NR.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 a | 3.4 ab | 2.9 b | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.7 |
| NR.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.8 a | 3.0 ab | 2.5 b | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
| NR.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 a | 2.8 b | 2.5 b | 3.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.4 |
| NR.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.3 a | 3.5 ab | 3.2 b | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| NR.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.7 a | 3.5 b | 3.0 b | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 4.2 |
| NR.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| NR.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
| NR.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.8 a | 3.0 ab | 2.9 b | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
| FCQ Health | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.6 |
| FCQ Mood | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| FCQ Easy | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 |
| FCQ Proximity | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
| FCQ Sensory appeal | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| FCQ Natural content | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.6 ab | 5.0 ab | 5.4 ab | 5.0 ab | 4.5 b | 5.7 a | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.9 |
| FCQ Cheap | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| FCQ Value for money | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| FCQ Weight control | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| FCQ Familiarity | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.9 b | 4.9 ab | 4.9 ab | 4.7 ab | 5.0 a | 5.5 a | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Fiber impact | 14.6 | 14.7 | 16.8 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 16.8 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 11.3 b | 16.3 a | 14.7 ab | 11.6 | 16.0 | 14.1 | 11.7 |
| Sugar impact | 20.0 | 17.9 | 24.6 a | 22.5 ab | 19.8 ab | 21.3 ab | 15.0 b | 15.0 b | 15.1 b | 18.1 ab | 21.1 a | 21.4 | 20.9 | 17.4 | 14.3 |
| Saturated fats impact | 20.6 | 19.4 | 23.8 | 21.0 | 20.8 | 21.6 | 17.2 | 18.0 | 17.1 b | 19.0 ab | 21.8 a | 19.5 ab | 21.8 a | 19.3 ab | 14.5 b |
| Salt impact | 14.4 | 14.3 | 16.0 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 15.3 | 11.5 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 10.5 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 11.9 |
| Mineral impact | 12.1 | 12.5 | 15.7 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 14.4 | 11.9 | 9.5 | 9.4 b | 13.9 a | 12.2 ab | 10.6 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 9.3 |
| Carbohydrates impact | 16.7 | 16.4 | 20.6 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 19.2 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 12.3 b | 16.6 ab | 18.0 a | 14.9 | 17.8 | 16.3 | 12.5 |
| Cholesterol impact | 16.5 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 18.8 | 12.5 | 18.6 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 11.6 | 18.0 | 16.9 | 13.8 |
| Total fat impact | 20.4 | 19.6 | 22.0 | 22.2 | 20.8 | 20.6 | 15.2 | 18.8 | 17.7 | 19.4 | 21.3 | 18.0 ab | 22.0 a | 18.8 ab | 14.7 b |
| Protein impact | 15.6 | 15.3 | 16.8 | 17.5 | 14.9 | 17.1 | 11.6 | 14.9 | 13.5 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 10.8 | 17.0 | 14.9 | 12.2 |
| Caloric impact | 20.1 | 18.5 | 23.6 a | 20.5 ab | 20.9 ab | 21.5 ab | 13.2 b | 16.9 ab | 15.7 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 18.5 | 20.7 | 18.7 | 15.8 |
| Vitamin impact | 12.7 | 12.8 | 17.5 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 14.6 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 13.7 | 12.3 | 11.3 | 13.3 | 12.6 | 11.8 |
| * Occasional reading | 20.2% | 14.8% | 0% | 16.7% | 20.4% | 20.7% | 29.4% | 10.0% | 23.3% | 20.3% | 14.0% | 37.5% | 13.8% | 16.7% | 26.3% |
| * Frequent reading | 58.5% | 55.6% | 80.0% | 53.3% | 53.7% | 51.7% | 47.1% | 70.0% | 56.7% | 49.2% | 62.8% | 50.0% | 61.7% | 55.6% | 42.1% |
a–c: Different letters in the same row and sociodemographic variable (sex, age group, and education level) or BMI indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). NK: Nutrition knowledge; ATFL: Attitude Toward Food Labels; NR: Reasons for Never Reading the Nutrition Information; FCQ: Food Choice Questionnaire. * The first item of Label-Reading Behavior: occasional reading (options: never and rarely) and frequent reading (options: often and always).