| Reference |
Type of study |
Population selected for the study |
Time frame of the study |
Region |
Conclusion |
| Zhang et al. [51] (2020) |
Cross-sectional study |
238,593 women subdivided into the adolescent group (10-19) and the adult group (20-34) |
Four years (2013-2017) |
Hebei, China |
Adolescent women had a higher risk of stillbirth and neonatal death as compared to the adult group. |
| Vale de Almeida et al. [37] (2020) |
|
23,894 postpartum women and their newborn infants |
Two years (2011-2012) |
Brazil |
Younger adolescents had the highest risk of spontaneous prematurity compared to older adolescents. |
| Ogawa et al. [46] (2019) |
Multicenter cross-sectional study |
30,831 women under 25 years of age with a singleton pregnancy |
Six years (2005-2011) |
Japan |
Low Apgar scores were significantly higher in adolescent mothers as compared to women aged 20-24 years. |
| Neal et al. [55] (2018) |
|
Adolescent mothers |
10 years (2005-2015) |
45 countries |
The risk of neonatal mortality for maternal age under 16 years old was greater in all regions. Socioeconomic, health services, and demography did not play much of a role in reducing mortality. |
| Marvin-Dowle et al. [40] (2018) |
Population-based cohort study |
Primigravid women aged ≤19 years (n=640) and 20-34 years (n=3,951) as the reference group |
Four years (2007-2010) |
Bradford, Northern England |
Extremely low birth weight was significantly higher in the adolescent group (≤19 years) compared with the reference group. It was also noted that very preterm and extremely preterm deliveries were also higher in the adolescent group. |
| Yadav et al. [47] (2018) |
Retrospective cohort study |
4,101 deliveries of teenage (15-19) and adult (20-29) pregnancies |
One year (2005-2006) |
Nepal |
No significant difference was noted in low Apgar scores between the two groups. |
