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. 2021 Dec 6;75(6):1386–1401. doi: 10.1002/hep.32177

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© 2021 The Authors. Hepatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Activated metabolism correlates with response of patients with HCC to RT. (A) Representative images of indicated immunohistochemical staining of tumor samples from patients with HCC who received surgical resection or liver biopsy before RT. Matched MRIs from corresponding patients before and after RT are displayed. (B) Representative immunohistochemical staining of indicated targets in five tumor samples from patients with HCC who received surgical resection after RT. Scale bars, 50 μm/10 μm (inset). (C) Statistics of indicated targets between RT response and nonresponse in patients with HCC, as related to (A,B). (D) Working model depicting the mechanisms that drive glucose and CL anabolism underlying radioresistance of HCC cells. Abbreviations: FFA, free fatty acid; F6P, fructose‐6‐phosphate; F1,6P, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate; G6P, glucose‐6‐phosphate; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ROS, reactive oxygen species [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]