Table 4.
The effect of the study outcomes on glycemic outcomes.
| Peanut Group | Control Group | p-Values | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (Months) | 0 (n = 57) |
3 (n = 46) |
6 (n = 43) |
0 (n= 44) |
3 (n = 35) |
6 (n = 32) |
Diet | Visit | Diet x Visit |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.12 ± 0.04 1 | 5.01 ± 0.05 | 4.99 ± 0.05 | 5.13 ± 0.05 | 4.96 ± 0.05 4 | 4.90 ± 0.06 5 | 0.37 | <0.001 | 0.46 |
| Fasting insulin, u/mL | 10.89 ± 0.52 | 8.95 ± 0.58 | 8.14 ± 0.59 3 | 11.42 ± 0.59 | 8.15 ± 0.67 | 7.33 ± 0.70 | 0.50 | <0.001 | 0.41 |
| 2-h glucose, mmol/L | 5.84 ± 0.17 1 | 5.93 ± 0.19 2 | 6.06 ± 0.19 | 5.89 ± 0.19 | 6.30 ± 0.21 4 | 6.41 ± 0.22 5 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.58 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.61 ± 0.02 | 5.50 ± 0.02 | 5.48 ± 0.02 | 5.61 ± 0.02 2 | 5.55 ± 0.02 | 5.49 ± 0.02 | 0.21 | <0.001 | 0.32 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.49 ± 0.12 1 | 2.09 ± 0.14 | 1.88 ± 0.14 | 2.66 ± 0.14 | 1.83 ± 0.16 4 | 1.60 ± 0.17 5 | 0.35 | <0.001 | 0.17 |
Data presented as least squares means ± standard error of mean. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed models (PROC MIXED; SAS Version 9.4). The effect of diet on each outcome was examined with visit modeled as a repeated effect and the baseline value included as a covariate; 1 n = 56; 2 n = 45; 3 n = 44; 4 n = 34; 5 n = 31. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance.