Table 2.
Association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with Early COPD, NHANES 2007–2012.
| Early COPD | β (95% CI) 1, p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 2 (n = 3962) | Model 2 3 (n = 3437) | |||
| DII | ||||
| Continuous | 2.361 (1.335, 4.174) ** | 0.0031 | 1.903 (1.034, 3.502) * | 0.0386 |
| Quartile 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Quartile 2 | 1.108 (0.712, 1.726) | 0.6486 | 0.960 (0.596, 1.547) | 0.8664 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.436 (0.943, 2.186) | 0.0914 | 1.156 (0.732, 1.823) | 0.5345 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.657 (1.100, 2.496) * | 0.0156 | 1.288 (0.824, 2.015) | 0.2667 |
| p-trend | 1.195 (1.051, 1.359) ** | 0.0066 | 1.104 (0.957, 1.273) | 0.1757 |
Notes: In sensitivity analysis, dietary inflammatory index was converted from a continuous variable to a categorical variable (Quartiles). 1 β: effect sizes; 95% CI: 95% Confidence interval. 2 Model 1: No covariates were adjusted. 3 Model 2: Adjusted for age; sex; PIR; health insurance coverage; sedentary activity; smoking exposure (pack-years); mineral dusts; exhaust fumes; wheezing; asthma. p-Value: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.