Table 1.
Baseline concentrations of the measured biomarkers before citalopram neuroendocrine challenge and placebo infusions.
| Before Citalopram Neuroendocrine Challenge | p-Value | Before Placebo Infusion | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migraine | Control | Migraine | Control | |||
| Tryptophan, kynurenine(µg/mL), cortisol (ng/mL) and cortisol/DHEA-S (µg/mL) | ||||||
| TRP | 8.92 (6.75–10.18) |
7.12 (5.55–9.28) |
0.075 | 8.20 (6.85–9.47) |
7.15 (5.59–8.11) |
0.080 |
| TRP/LNAA | 0.09 (0.06–0.11) |
0.06 (0.05–0.08) |
0.012 | 0.08 (0.07–0.11) |
0.06 (0.05–0.09) |
0.033 |
| KYN | 0.57 (0.40–0.67) |
0.46 (0.39–0.54) |
0.308 | 0.54 (0.46–0.62) |
0.47 (0.39–0.64) |
0.274 |
| KYN/TRP | 0.07 (0.05–0.07)) |
0.07 (0.06–0.07) |
0.264 | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.08) |
0.07 (0.06–0.08) |
0.481 |
| CORT | 58.74 (40.23–118.0) |
56.72 (38.15–80.86) |
0.512 | 64.21 (51.13–111.0) |
40.86 (31.23–66.54) |
0.382 |
| CORT/DHEA-S | 46.49 (37.62–85.32) |
42.10 (33.41–58.25) |
0.662 | 34.48 (35.86–82.30) |
28.88 (23.90–53.65) |
0.423 |
| Cytokines and chemokines (pg/mL) | ||||||
| GCSF | 4.19 (3.64–4.83) |
3.95 (3.54–4.91) |
0.894 | 4.18 (3.94–4.94) |
4.18 (3.39–5.13) |
0.423 |
| RANTES | 10641 (6336–11,588) |
13456 (10,192–16,846) |
0.017 | 10593 (7279–12,588) |
12670 (10,091–19,710) |
0.049 |
| MCP-1 | 15.01 (10.70–29.94) |
13.96 (8.70–19.99) |
0.538 | 16.94 (9.24–32.08) |
15.74 (8.32–22.04) |
0.388 |
| IL1a | 2.69 (2.20–3.62) |
2.42 (1.92–3.00) |
0.224 | 2.96 (2.22–3.11) |
2.85 (1.36–3.47) |
0.696 |
| IL1b | 0 (0.00–0.00) |
0 (0.00–0.00) |
1.000 | 0 (0.00–0.00) |
0 (0.00–0.00) |
1.000 |
| IL6 | 0 (0.00–0.00) |
0 (0.00–0.00) |
0.163 | 0 (0.00–0.00) |
0 (0.00–0.00) |
0.143 |
| IL8 | 0 (0.00–7.85) |
0 (0.00–6.81) |
0.748 | 7.13 (0.00–8.67) |
0 (0.00–0.00) |
0.014 |
| IL10 | 3.20 (3.14–3.39) |
3.26 (3.14–3.46) |
0.473 | 3.46 (3.32–3.61) |
3.27 (3.11–3.60) |
0.193 |
| TNFa | 1.96 (1.50–2.20) |
1.41 (0.89–2.40) |
0.233 | 1.96 (0.79–2.22) |
1.26 (0.66–2.22) |
0.752 |
Note: Values demonstrate median ±95% confidence intervals; Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the plasma concentrations between migraine and control groups with a p < 0.05 significance threshold (bold). TRP: tryptophan, LNAA: large neutral amino acids, KYN: kynurenine, CORT: cortisol, DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, GCSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, RANTES: regulated upon activation, normal T-cell-expressed, and presumably secreted CCL5, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL1a: interleukin 1 alpha, IL1b: interleukin 1 beta, IL6: interleukin 6, IL8: interleukin 8, IL10: interleukin 10, TNFa: tumor necrosis factor alpha.