Table 2.
Secondary outcome parameters.
| iHTN+IAN | IANonly | p-value | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| safety (noradrenaline) | ||||
| coerced treatment de-escalations | ||||
| n (%) patients with ≥1 de-escalation | 15 (51.7%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.25 | 0.50 (0.16–1.62) |
| reduction (IAN or iHTN), n | 34 | 11 | ||
| termination (IAN or iHTN), n | 4 | 1 | ||
| noradrenaline dose triggering de-escalation, μg/kg/min | 1.31±0.63 | 0.73±0.24 | <0.01* | |
| minor complications | ||||
| n (%) patients with ≥1 minor | 14 (48.3%) | 3 (15.0%) | <0.05* | 0.19 (0.05–0.79) |
| complication | 13 | 3 | ||
| peripheral hypoperfusion, n | 3 | 1 | ||
| cardiac arrhythmia, n | ||||
| major complications | ||||
| n (%) patients with ≥1 major complication | 6 (20.7%) | 4 (20.0%) | 0.95 | 0.96 (0.23–3.95) |
| cardiac insufficiency, n | 1 | 0 | ||
| myocardial infarction, n | 0 | 0 | ||
| paralytic ileus or gut ischemia, n | 2 | 3 | ||
| acute kidney failure, n | 3 | 0 | ||
| SSC-CIP, n | 0 | 1 | ||
| CT perfusion images during IAN, n | 4.7±2.5 | 6.1±3.3 | 0.12 | |
| efficacy (rescue treatment) | ||||
| mean ptiO2, mmHg | 26.6±15.3 | 39.6±15.4 | <0.01* | |
| mean ICP, mmHg | 12.0±5.0 | 8.1±2.3 | <0.01* | |
| ≥1 treatment re-escalation, n (%) | 17 (58.6%) | 13 (65.0%) | 0.65 | 1.31 (0.40–4.26) |
| duration of IAN, days | 7.6±4.7 | 11.5±6.2 | <0.05* | |
| duration of iHTN, days | 17.7±7.2 | 11.6±8.9 | <0.01* | |
| hospitalization, days | 38.8±17.5 | 42.7±10.0 | 0.38 | |
| DCI related infarction | ||||
| n (%) patients with ≥1 infarction | 12 (41.1%) | 9 (45.0%) | 0.80 | 1.16 (0.37–3.66) |
| infarctions before iHTN, n | 0 | 3 | ||
| infarctions during iHTN, before IAN, n | 7 | 5 | ||
| infarctions during IAN, n | 5 | 1 | ||
| infarctions after IAN, n | 2 | 3 | ||
| Glasgow Outcome Scale 4–5 after 6 months, n (%) | 10 (40.0%) | 10 (55.6%) | 0.32 | 1.88 (0.55–6.39) |
Unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test assessed differences between groups, as appropriate. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for comparisons of discrete variables.
*:
significant p-value; DCI: delayed cerebral ischemia; ICP: intracranial pressure; iHTN+IAN: patients treated according to the classical protocol; IANonly: patients treated according to the modified protocol; SSC-CIP: secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients.