Table 1.
Bartonella quintana seroprevalence among different subpopulations by chronological order of publication
| Year | References | Countries | Subpopulations | n | IgG (%) | IgM (%) | Percentage | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | [14] | US | Patients | 192 | 20.3 | NA | 20.3 | <0.001 |
| Blood donors | 199 | 2 | NA | 2.0 | ||||
| 1996 | [13] | US | Intravenous drug users | 630 | 10 | NA | 10 | |
| 1996 | [12] | France | Homeless people | 221 | 1.8 | 0 | 1.8 | <0.05 |
| Blood donors | 250 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Hospitalized homeless patients | 43 | 16.3 | 2.3 | 16.3 | <0.01 | |||
| Hospitalized patients | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1996 | [30] | France | Patients suspected cat scratch disease | 64 | 9.4 | NA | 9.4 | |
| 1998 | [31] | Sweden | Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgG positive patients | 61 | 0 | NA | 0 | |
| 1998 | [32] | Burundi | Sutama patients | 102 | 12.7 | NA | 12.7 | NA |
| Febrile refugees | 232 | 8.2 | NA | 8.2 | ||||
| 1999 | [4] | France | Homeless patients | 71 | 29.6 | NA | 29.6 | <0.001 |
| Patients | 31 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| Blood donors | 250 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| 1999 | [33] | Sweden | Patients | 109 | 2.8 | NA | 2.8 | NA |
| Blood donors | 100 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| 1999 | [16] | UK | Probable cat scratch disease | 565 | 13.1 | 1.4 | 13.8 | NA |
| Possible cat scratch disease | 48 | 8.3 | 2.1 | 10.4 | ||||
| Bacillary angiomatosis/peliosis | 37 | 5.4 | NA | 5.4 | ||||
| Blood culture-negative endocarditis | 66 | 15.2 | 7.6 | 16.7 | ||||
| Ophthalmic involvement | 17 | 17.6 | NA | 17.6 | ||||
| “Not appropriate” patients | 143 | 2.8 | NA | 2.8 | ||||
| “No details” patients | 124 | 9.7 | 1.6 | 10.5 | ||||
| Blood donors | 200 | 1.5 | 0 | 1.5 | ||||
| Healthy adult contact | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Toxoplasmosis | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Mumps virus | 13 | 0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | ||||
| Streptococcus pyogenes serology | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| EBV | 11 | 0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | ||||
| Chlamydia spp. | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1999 | [17] | Peru | Inhabitants | 194 | 12.4 | NA | 12.4 | <0.05 |
| Peasants | 84 | 0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| 2001 | [34] | US | Intravenous drug users | 204 | 2.0 | NA | 2.0 | |
| 2001 | [19] | France | Homeless patients cutaneous parasitic | 57 | 54.4 | 5.3 | 54.4 | <0.001 |
| Blood donors | 53 | 1.9 | 0 | 1.9 | ||||
| 2001 | [22] | Sweden | Elite orienteers | 1136 | 1.4 | NA | 1.4 | >0.05 |
| Blood donors | 322 | 0.3 | NA | 0.3 | ||||
| 2002 | [3] | France | Homeless blood culture positive | 40 | 65.0 | NA | 65.0 | <0.05 |
| Homeless blood culture negative | 82 | 19.5 | NA | 19.5 | ||||
| 2002 | [35] | Korea | Patients regional lymphadenopathy | 31 | 64.5 | NA | 64.5 | |
| 2002 | [36] | US | Patients | 200 | 9.5 | NA | 9.5 | |
| 2003 | [20] | France | Patients pericardial effusion | 204 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | >0.05 |
| Blood donors | 260 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| 2003 | [37] | Sweden | Autopsy of heroin addicts | 59 | 3.4 | NA | 3.4 | NA |
| Forensic autopsy | 44 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| 2003 | [10] | Greece | Blood donors | 500 | 15.0 | 0 | 15.0 | |
| 2003 | [38] | Poland | Bartonellosis patients | 265 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.9 | |
| 2004 | [39] | Denmark | Elite orienteers | 43 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Blood donors | 159 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Elite indoor sportsmen | 63 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 2004 | [40] | Jordan | Children patients | 482 | 4.1 | NA | 4.1 | |
| 2005 | [8] | Brazil | Healthy individuals | 437 | 12.8 | NA | 12.8 | |
| 2005 | [41] | Algeria | Suspected endocarditis | 61 | 11.5 | NA | 11.5 | |
| 2005 | [42] | France | Blood culture-negative endocarditis | 346 | 15.3 | NA | 15.3 | |
| 2005 | [7] | France | Homeless people | 930 | 7.5 | NA | 7.5 | <0.001 |
| Blood donors | 467 | 0.6 | NA | 0.6 | ||||
| 2005 | [43] | Tunisia | Blood culture-negative endocarditis | 40 | 30.0 | NA | 30.0 | |
| 2005 | [44] | Sweden | Blood donors | 498 | 0.2 | NA | 0.2 | |
| 2005 | [45] | Greece | HIV patients | 253 | 5.9 | 0 | 5.9 | |
| 2006 | [18] | Japan | Homeless people | 151 | 57.0 | 0 | 57.0 | <0.05 |
| Blood donors | 200 | 50.5 | 0 | 50.5 | ||||
| 2007 | [46] | Poland | Homeless alcoholic | 29 | 6.9 | 3.4 | 6.9 | NA |
| Homeless intravenous drug users | 6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Blood donors | 50 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| 2008 | [47] | Sweden | Homeless people | 48 | 4.2 | NA | 4.2 | NA |
| Blood donors | 61 | 1.6 | NA | 1.6 | ||||
| 2008 | [48] | France | Uveitis | 1321 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | NA |
| Blood donors | 260 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | ||||
| 2008 | [49] | Spain | HIV patients | 340 | 12.9 | NA | 12.9 | |
| 2011 | [50] | Thailand | Febrile patients | 423 | 3.3 | NA | 3.3 | NA |
| Nonfebrile patients | 98 | 3.1 | NA | 3.1 | ||||
| 2011 | [51] | Congo | Patients | 155 | 0.6 | NA | 0.6 | |
| 2012 | [52] | Croatia | Lymphadenopathy patients | 268 | 8.6 | NA | 8.6 | |
| 2013 | [53] | Poland | Patients suggesting Bartonella spp. infection | 663 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| 2014 | [54] | France | Blood donors | 472 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | |
| 2015 | [55] | Brazil | Blood donors | 500 | 32.0 | NA | 32.0 | |
| 2016 | [56] | US | Adults | 197 | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | |
| 2016 | [9] | Austria | Hunters | 100 | 25.0 | NA | 25.0 | >0.05 |
| Blood donors | 100 | 27.0 | NA | 27.0 | ||||
| 2017 | [57] | Colombia | Homeless people | 153 | 12.4 | NA | 12.4 | |
| 2017 | [58] | Spain | Veterinarians | 89 | 11.2 | NA | 11.2 | |
| 2019 | [21] | Poland | Musculoskeletal patients | 40 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | >0.05 |
| Blood donors | 65 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 4.6 | ||||
| 2020 | [59] | Spain | Sanitary workers | 97 | 16.5 | NA | 16.5 |
NA: Not applicated