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. 2022 Jul 27;27(15):4800. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154800

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of hesperidin on PM2.5-induced mitochondrial damage. Cells were pre-treated with hesperidin (50 µM) for 30 min and then with PM2.5 (50 μg/mL) for 24 h and analyzed using confocal microscopy to assess (A) mitochondrial ROS (DHR123 staining) and (B) mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) (JC-1 staining). Western blotting (WB) indicates the expression of (C) myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-l), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-like protein 11 (Bim), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) proteins, and (D) cytochrome c protein in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX4) and actin were used as loading controls. * p < 0.05 compared with the control group and # p < 0.05 compared with the PM2.5-treated group.